Examines two versions of the alphabet to show how psychological evidence indicates that grammar is best which best approximates the system people have in their heads. (RB)

This paper examines the prominence of written English on shop signs in Japan. Based on data from a larger empirical study into multilingual signs in Tokyo, the most common ways of using English and the roman alphabet on Japanese shops signs are identified. It is argued that the ambivalent nature of English loan words plays a key role in the ever…

This study analyzes more than 1,500 expressions or orthographic conventions adopted by advertisers for many consumer products that depart significantly from ordinary standards of correctness. (HOD)

Examines societies in which varieties and degrees of literacy are possible or ordinary, such as Japan and Korea. Finds that these societies have separate but functionally interrelated writing systems, used for communicatively disparate purposes, differential mastery of which, consequently, has social and economic repercussions. Finds that…

Describes an alphabetic process for cuing readers to speak the three dimensions of sound: fundamental frequency, duration, and intensity. (RB)

Examines patterns (and their internalization) of regularity underlying English orthography, graphic representations of specific phonemes in different environments, reactions of literate native speakers to correctness of different correspondences in these situations, and reactions of these informants to recognition tests involving alternative…