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Direct linkLee, Yi-Hsuan; Zhang, Jinming – International Journal of Testing, 2017
Simulations were conducted to examine the effect of differential item functioning (DIF) on measurement consequences such as total scores, item response theory (IRT) ability estimates, and test reliability in terms of the ratio of true-score variance to observed-score variance and the standard error of estimation for the IRT ability parameter. The…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Test Reliability, Performance, Scores
Zhang, Jinming; Xie, Minge; Song, Xiaolan; Lu, Ting – Psychometrika, 2011
Asymptotic expansions of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and weighted likelihood estimator (WLE) of an examinee's ability are derived while item parameter estimators are treated as covariates measured with error. The asymptotic formulae present the amount of bias of the ability estimators due to the uncertainty of item parameter estimators.…
Descriptors: Computation, Ability, Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Bias
Download full textLee, Yi-Hsuan; Zhang, Jinming – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
The method of maximum-likelihood is typically applied to item response theory (IRT) models when the ability parameter is estimated while conditioning on the true item parameters. In practice, the item parameters are unknown and need to be estimated first from a calibration sample. Lewis (1985) and Zhang and Lu (2007) proposed the expected response…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Comparative Analysis, Computation, Ability
Zhang, Jinming; Lu, Ting – ETS Research Report Series, 2007
In practical applications of item response theory (IRT), item parameters are usually estimated first from a calibration sample. After treating these estimates as fixed and known, ability parameters are then estimated. However, the statistical inferences based on the estimated abilities can be misleading if the uncertainty of the item parameter…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Ability, Error of Measurement, Maximum Likelihood Statistics
Peer reviewedZhang, Jinming; Stout, William – Psychometrika, 1997
Three counterexamples demonstrate that the Dutch Identity conjecture of P. Holland about examinee ability (1990) does not hold in general. The counterexamples suggest that only under strong assumptions can it be true that the limits of log-manifest probabilities are quadratic. Three propositions giving such strong conditions are given. (Author/SLD)
Descriptors: Ability, Item Response Theory, Mathematical Models, Probability
Zhang, Jinming – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
Lord's bias function and the weighted likelihood estimation method are effective in reducing the bias of the maximum likelihood estimate of an examinee's ability under the assumption that the true item parameters are known. This paper presents simulation studies to determine the effectiveness of these two methods in reducing the bias when the item…
Descriptors: Statistical Bias, Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Computation, Ability
