Teachers play a fundamental role in guaranteeing an inclusive teaching practice using Educational Robotics (ER). However, they may hold gender-differentiated views of their students' academic abilities and aptitudes in ER. This quasi-experimental test investigated gender-differentiated attributions and behavioral intentions of N = 158 Italian…

This study investigated the predictive validity of school-subject-specific self-concepts of ability, intrinsic task values, and cost (operationalized as task effort) for motivation regarding unclassified novel learning content--a fictional project management course--as a function of perceived similarity between school subject and novel learning…

Dimensional comparisons between math and verbal achievements affect students' academic self-concepts by increasing (decreasing) students' self-concept in the subject with their intraindividual higher (lower) achievement. Dimensional comparison theory assumes that dimensional comparisons are also triggered by external influences. The present…

Beliefs about academic functioning play an important role in the academic development of students. This study considers perceptions about underachievement, that is, the degree to which accomplishments are believed to be in line with potential. In particular, we examined why these perceptions might deviate from measured underachievement, determined…

We hypothesized that students use the message behind teacher emotions to interpret the cause of their failure and to form competence beliefs; hence, in failure situations teacher anger could be beneficial. In Experiment 1, participants made judgments about another student's failure in the face of teacher pity versus anger. Lack of ability…

Recently, interest in test subscore reporting for diagnosis purposes has been growing rapidly. The two simulation studies here examined factors (sample size, number of subscales, correlation between subscales, and three factors affecting subscore reliability: number of items per subscale, item parameter distribution, and data generating model)…

This study extended the internal/external reference model to multiple languages including students' language of instruction, first foreign language, and second foreign language. We examined whether social and dimensional comparisons play similar roles in the formation of students' self-concept related to different languages and whether dimensional…

The study examined the relations between academic achievement and self-concepts in a sample of 1,067 seventh-grade students from 3 core ability streams in Singapore secondary education. Although between-stream differences in achievement were large, between-stream differences in academic self-concepts were negligible. Within each stream, levels of…

The authors addressed the following research question: Does composition of dyads in terms of gender and ability affect student participation, the level of cognitive elaborations during a collaborative activity, and individual student achievement? The study involved 24 6th-grade dyads paired as follows: a low-ability student with a medium-ability…

This investigation had two main aims: 1.) to study any differences in creativity between groups of children of high and low ability; 2.) to ascertain whether the relationship between selected measures of creativity was higher than the relationship between intelligence and each measure of creativity. (Author)

The authors investigated predictive relationships among student characteristics that influence motivation for learning and achievement. Participants were students (N = 900) from all 4 grade levels in 18 rural public high schools in the southwestern United States. The authors used AMOS 4.0 (J. L. Arbuckle & W. Wothke, 1996) to test a…

Eighteen studies on the correlation of home environment and learning were selected, and their results synthesized. The analyses suggest that ability and achievement are more closely linked to the socio-psychological environment and intellectual stimulation in the home than they are to parental socioeconomic status indicators. (Author/BW)

The present study was an attempt to investigate the effects of two factors - number of defining attributes and the degree to which a student has learned those attributes (level of conceptualization) - on the difficulty of a concept. (Author)

The significance of matching cognitive style of first- and third-grade students (n=480) to their teachers was investigated. Teachers, administered the Articulation of the Body-Concept Scale, ranked their students according to their judgement of the students' academic competence. (Author/PN)

The adaptation level theory in grading implies that students select major programs whose grading practices are realistic with their ability. A causal approach using a system of multiple equations was used to investigate this theory. The results lent support to occurrence of the adaptive grading practice. (Author/CM)