Data were collected in a teacher effectiveness study on the interaction of teachers and first grade students while the students participated in reading groups within intact classrooms. The teacher behavior variables were then related to students achievement using three units of analysis: class means, reading group means within classes, and student…

This study is concerned with analyzing the effects of classroom environment on students' achievement and perceptions of their learning environment. The learning environment was analyzed from the perspectives of teachers, students, and principals. The sample included one class from each of 25 elementary schools, including architecturally open…