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Hou Xie; Kaylin Ratner; Suzanne G. Fegley; Michael J. Nakkula – Child Development, 2025
This study investigated the development of educational aspirations (EAs) among Chinese youth (n = 2228, 48.61% female, 87.66% Han, M[subscript age_2010] = 11.48 years) for 6 years. Five latent classes of EA trajectories were identified. They varied greatly during early adolescence but converged around an associate degree in middle adolescence and…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Academic Aspiration, Age Differences, Academic Achievement
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Chloe Austerberry; Pasco Fearon; Angelica Ronald; Leslie D. Leve; Jody M. Ganiban; Misaki N. Natsuaki; Daniel S. Shaw; Jenae M. Neiderhiser; David Reiss – Child Development, 2024
This study examined gene-environment correlation (rGE) in intellectual and academic development in 561 U.S.-based adoptees (57% male; 56% non-Latinx White, 19% multiracial, 13% Black or African American, 11% Latinx) and their birth and adoptive parents between 2003 and 2017. Birth mother intellectual and academic performance predicted adoptive…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Adoption, Mothers, Cognitive Ability
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Muradoglu, Melis; Cimpian, Andrei – Child Development, 2020
How do children reason about academic performance across development? A classic view suggests children's intuitive theories in this domain undergo qualitative changes. According to this view, older children and adults consider both effort and skill as sources of performance (i.e., a "performance = effort + skill" theory), but younger…
Descriptors: Children, Childrens Attitudes, Intuition, Beliefs
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Fu, Rui; Lee, Jinsol; Chen, Xinyin; Wang, Li – Child Development, 2020
This study examined reciprocal contributions between academic self-perceptions and academic achievement. Data were collected each year in four consecutive years from a sample of children in China (initial N = 1,156; 581 boys; initial M[subscript age] = 9.33 years). Analyses using random intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed that the effects…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Foreign Countries, Self Concept
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Gremmen, Mariola C.; Berger, Christian; Ryan, Allison M.; Steglich, Christian E. G.; Veenstra, René; Dijkstra, Jan K. – Child Development, 2019
This study examined to what extent adolescents' and their friends' risk behaviors (i.e., delinquency and alcohol use) hinder or promote their academic achievement (grade point average [GPA]), and vice versa. Longitudinal data were used (N = 1,219 seventh- to ninth-grade adolescents; M[subscript age] = 13.69). Results showed that risk behaviors…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior, Risk, Delinquency
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Mills, Britain; Dyer, Nazly; Pacheco, Daniel; Brinkley, Dawn; Owen, Margaret T.; Caughy, Margaret O. – Child Development, 2019
This study examined the development of emerging self-regulation (SR) skills across the preschool years and relations to academic achievement in kindergarten and first grade. SR skills of 403 low-income African American and Latino children were measured at 2&1/2, 3&1/2, and 5 years (kindergarten). Reading and math skills were measured at 5…
Descriptors: Self Control, Preschool Children, Kindergarten, Grade 1
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Diane Hughes; Juan Del Toro; Jessica F. Harding; Niobe Way; Jason R. D. Rarick – Child Development, 2016
The authors explored trajectories of perceived discrimination over a 6-year period (five assessments in 6th-11th grade) in relation to academic, behavioral, and psychological adjustment in 8th and 11th grades. They distinguished discrimination from adults versus peers in addition to overt versus covert discrimination from peers. The sample…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Ethnic Groups, Racial Discrimination, Gender Discrimination
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Bornstein, Marc H.; Hahn, Chun-Shin; Wolke, Dieter – Child Development, 2013
A large-scale ("N" = 552) controlled multivariate prospective 14-year longitudinal study of a developmental cascade embedded in a developmental system showed that information-processing efficiency in infancy (4 months), general mental development in toddlerhood (18 months), behavior difficulties in early childhood (36 months),…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Academic Achievement, Adolescents, Longitudinal Studies
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Harden, Kathryn P.; Mendle, Jane – Child Development, 2011
Academic achievement and cognitive ability have been shown to predict later age at first sexual intercourse. Using a sample of 536 same-sex twin pairs who were followed longitudinally from adolescence to early adulthood, this study tested whether relations between intelligence, academic achievement, and age at first sex were due to unmeasured…
Descriptors: Intelligence Quotient, Twins, Academic Achievement, Genetics
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Gauvain, Mary; Munroe, Robert L. – Child Development, 2009
This study examined how societal changes associated with modernization are related to cognitive development. Data were from 4 cultural communities that represented a broad range of traditional and modern elements: the Garifuna (Belize), Logoli (Kenya), Newars (Nepal), and Samoans (American Samoa). Naturalistic observations and the performances of…
Descriptors: Play, Samoan Americans, Foreign Countries, Cognitive Development
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McKown, Clark – Child Development, 2013
In the United States, racial-ethnic differences on tests of school readiness and academic achievement continue. A complete understanding of the origins of racial-ethnic achievement gaps is still lacking. This article describes social equity theory (SET), which proposes that racial-ethnic achievement gaps originate from two kinds of social process,…
Descriptors: Racial Differences, School Readiness, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gap
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McKown, Clark; Strambler, Michael J. – Child Development, 2009
The present study, which included 124 children ages 5-11, examined developmental antecedents and social and academic consequences of stereotype-consciousness, defined as awareness of others' stereotypes. Greater age and more frequent parent-reported racial socialization practices were associated with greater likelihood of stereotype-consciousness.…
Descriptors: Socialization, Stereotypes, Diagnostic Tests, Short Term Memory
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Wang, Qian; Pomerantz, Eva M. – Child Development, 2009
This research examined motivational trajectories during early adolescence in the United States and China. Upon their entry into middle school at 7th grade and every 6 months thereafter until the end of 8th grade, 825 American and Chinese children (mean age = 12.73 years) reported on their motivational beliefs (e.g., mastery orientation) and…
Descriptors: Learning Strategies, Student Motivation, Early Adolescents, Foreign Countries
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Yeung, W. Jean; Conley, Dalton – Child Development, 2008
This article examines the extent to which family wealth affects the Black-White test score gap for young children based on data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (aged 3-12). This study found little evidence that wealth mediated the Black-White test scores gaps, which were eliminated when child and family demographic covariates were held…
Descriptors: Private Schools, Scores, Family Environment, African American Students
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Stevenson, David L.; Baker, David P. – Child Development, 1987
Results indicated that parental involvement is related to the child's school performance. In addition, parents are more involved in school activities when the educational status of the mother is higher and when the child is younger. (PCB)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Educational Attainment, Family Influence
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