Parental involvement is essential to children's learning engagement activities and academic performance. Much research revolves around the impact of parental involvement on students' academic performance or the relationship between student engagement and grades. However, few studies have used process data to examine the relationship between…

This study examines how student and instructor participation in online discussions impacts students' course performance. The context for the study is university introductory online mathematics/statistics courses, which typically have much higher failure rates than their face-to-face counterparts. Using text-mining techniques, we analyze online…