Background: Providing students with information on their current performance could help them improve by stimulating their reflection, but negative feedback that saliently mirrors task-related failure can harm motivation. In the context of automated scoring based on artificial intelligence, we explored how feedback on written texts might be…

Background: Students often show unfavourable attribution: they attribute poor school performance to stable factors such as lack of ability and good school performance to variable factors such as effort. However, attribution can be influenced by individualized digital re-attributional feedback leading to positive motivational effects and higher…

This study aimed to examine the role and process of reflective assessment supported by the Knowledge Connections Analyzer in helping low academic achievers to develop epistemic agency in knowledge building. The participants were 33 ninth-grade low achievers from a visual arts course in Hong Kong. A comparison class of 33 students, taught by the…