This article discusses four general principles that teachers can utilize to increase student achievement. First, teachers should tell students simply and clearly what the behavioral objectives of the lesson are. Second, they should eliminate or reduce irrelevant stimuli. Third, teachers should make sure students organize data with cues. Fourth,…

Presents study results of the effects of studying social studies in the lower grades on high school students' performance in government classes. Explains that the relationship between social studies and government was examined and the adequacy of social studies as preparation for studying government. Concludes that achievement in social studies…

Discusses the U.S. Department of Education's publication "What Works: Research About Teaching and Learning," focusing on those sections that are most pertinent to the goals and methods of social studies teachers. Reviews and draws implications from its suggestions for improving education at the levels of home, classroom, and school. (AEM)

Assesses critical thinking teaching models, including skill development, problem-solving, logical thinking, multiaspect, and information processing approaches. Stresses creating open classroom environments where critical thinking that fosters effective, thoughtful decision making can flourish. Argues that teaching can and should be less…

Reviews research literature that defines cooperative learning and substantiates many educational benefits to be derived from it. Outlines eight selected cooperative learning methods. Reports that research shows cooperative learning methods improve students' academic achievement, self-esteem, and social skills. Also suggests that cooperative…

Examines textbook-test alignment in the social studies curriculum. Defines alignment as review items conceptually and contextually matching test items. Indicates research that shows critically low alignment levels between review and test items, providing examples from a fifth grade textbook. Outlines five steps by which teachers can develop…