The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of self-esteem among pre-service teachers in Turkey and Iran who were studying in the Physical Education and Sports Teaching Departments at their respective countries. The study's participant group consisted of 80 Turkish and 111 Iranian students. The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory was used…

To determine intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for work among college students, an online survey was conducted to collect participants' self-reported motivation and personality traits, as well as academic performance in samples of 310 American and 686 Taiwanese college student respondents. Data suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations…

This review examined the relations between grit and academic achievement based on a meta-analysis of 137 studies yielding 156 dependent samples (N = 285,331). Using the robust variance estimation, we found that the correlations of overall grit level with academic achievement were generally weak to moderate (weighted r = 0.19). The correlation of…