Both academic and disruptive behavior in a classroom for children with behavioral problems were monitored under two different procedures for administering token reinforcement. Control may be more efficiently achieved by reinforcing academic behaviors incompatible with disruptive behaviors. (Author/JB)

Available from: Council for Exceptional Children, 1920 Association Drive, Reston, Virginia 22091. A followup study of 60 children (from kindergarten through third grade) in a middle to low socioeconomic area identified factors which qualitatively differentiate educationally high-risk and non risk children. (BD)

Cognitive, affective, and social effects of teacher involvement with students were investigated for two successive years at two grade levels (grades 4 and 5 in the first year; grades 5 and 6 in the second) and three income levels (low, medium, high). The final sample consisted of 910 students in Year 1 and 816 students in Year 2 obtained from 14…

The effects of amount of exposure to response/outcome independence and teacher expressiveness on student ratings of the instructor, achievement test performance, and attribution items were studied. University students completed an aptitude test that provided contingent or noncontingent feedback and varied in length (short, medium, or long). All…