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A Critical Discussion of Deep and Surface Processing: What It Means, How It Is Measured, the Role of Context, and Model Specification
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Dinsmore, Daniel L.; Alexander, Patricia A. – Educational Psychology Review, 2012
The prevailing assumption by some that deep processing promotes stronger learning outcomes while surface processing promotes weaker learning outcomes has been called into question by the inconsistency and ambiguity of results in investigations of the relation between levels of processing and performance. The purpose of this literature review is to…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Outcomes of Education, Investigations, Literature Reviews
To Study Learning, Study Learning.
Baker, Keith – Phi Delta Kappan, 1997
Educational researchers and policymakers need to understand the ecological correlation fallacy, since so much bad research (and policy) has been based on it. Aggregate data may or may not yield results that are true for individuals. Only individual-level data can correctly answer questions about the relationship between variables for individuals.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education, Individual Differences
Conducting Research on Visual Design and Learning: Pitfalls and Promises.
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Kanuka, Heather; Szabo, Michael – Canadian Journal of Educational Communication, 1999
Reviews and discusses the literature on visual design and visual cognition; summarizes the results of an empirical study that investigated whether computer screen design with good visual design principles influence the learning process; and identifies challenges encountered in conducting research on screen design with respect to achievement…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Learning Processes, Literature Reviews, Research Methodology
Matching Students' Cognitive Responses to Teaching Skills.
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Winne, Philip H.; Marx, Ronald W. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980
A model of learning from instruction proposed that students perceive and cognitively respond to instructional stimuli before engaging learning processes per se. University students were trained to recognize only or to recognize and cognitively respond to teacher skills in lectures. Additional prelecture practice in recognition enhanced learning.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Advance Organizers, Cognitive Processes, Foreign Countries
The Tasks of Teaching and Learning in Classrooms. R & D Report No. 4103. Correlates of Effective Teaching.
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Doyle, Walter – 1979
Research on classroom teaching is discussed within the conceptual framework of the analysis of student classroom tasks. Three types of learning tasks are illustrated: understanding; memory; and routine problem-solving according to an algorithm. It is contended that most classroom research projects study teachers' and students' actions, rather than…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Classroom Research, Elementary Secondary Education, Learning Activities
Overcoming Some Impediments to the Study of Teacher Effectiveness.
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Kennedy, John J.; Bush, Andrew J.
The study of teacher effectiveness is confronted by a number of problems that are generally associated with the conduct of behavioral research. It is possible in some instances to resolve or circumvent some of the current methodological stumbling blocks that tend to reduce the credibility of research findings. This paper discusses three…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Classroom Research, Educational Research, Learning Processes
The Multiplicity of Research on "Learning for All," a Key for the 21st Century. Improving Conditions and Quality of Adult Learning. A Series of 29 Booklets Documenting Workshops Held on the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Hamburg, Germany, July 14-18, 1997).
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Hamburg (Germany). Inst. for Education. – 1999
This booklet, which was produced as a follow-up to the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education, presents examples of key areas where research is currently being conducted by various public and nongovernmental agencies and recommends ways to enhance communication among researchers. The first 75% of the booklet reviews recent research on…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Adult Basic Education, Adult Education, Adult Learning