Low-achieving fifth-grade children either taught a third grader or studied alone for a series of daily sessions. At the end of the two-week period, the low-achievers' performance was significantly better in the tutoring condition than in the studying condition. This showed a reversal in the direction from the initial difference between conditions.…

This study provided a review of literature related to peer tutoring and investigated the effects of three variables on peer tutor and peer tutee performance. The variables were (1) the achievement level of the tutor, (2) brief tutor training in reinforcement and corrective feedback procedures, and (3) tutor expectancy about tutee performance. A…

Results of analyzing variables impacting the behavior of four ninth-grade poor-achieving tutors and 20 seventh-grade tutees with reading difficulties found that giving tutor points for reinforcing tutee responses was the most important component of the tutoring package for both tutors and tutees. (Author/JDD)

Proposes a peer-teaching-peer strategy that utilizes the low-achieving External as the tutor, a reversal of the usual procedure. The assumption is that the External must experience and perceive personal control over another child in order to begin orientation toward a more internal outlook. (Author)

This review focuses on 16 studies in which the effects of tutoring were measured using student achievement, being limited to studies appearing through 1969. Additional studies that the authors subsequently found are considered to still support the conclusions drawn in this review on the general characteristics of successful tutoring programs and…

A classwide peer tutoring program in reading, implemented at 12 elementary and middle schools in three contiguous districts in the middle of a southern state, was evaluated for its effectiveness with three learner types: low achievers with disabilities, low achievers without disabilities, and learners of average achievement. Twenty teachers…

The study measured the effects of attempted manipulation of tutors' expectations on the intellectual growth of their pupils. Tutors were given spurious information, allegedly based on testing, as to current and predicted intellectual fucntioning of their pupil. The experimental sample was comprised of 44 tutor-child pairs, with 11 paris assigned…

Children from low-income, ghetto, and minority groups tend to display a low level of performance in school and evaluated themselves as worse than most students on their school performance. This study examines the impact of self-concept on academic achievement. It was hypothesized that: (1) reinforcement of behaviors important to academic success…

Numerous reports have noted the difficulties inner city children have in the typical public school environment. The inner-city child, whose basic skills are often less advanced than those of his suburban counterparts, drops further behind as he grows older. Furthermore, few programs are directed toward changing the basic attitudes and academic…