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Martineau, Joseph; Paek, Pamela; Keene, John; Hirsch, Thomas – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2007
This paper describes a comprehensive model of alignment that provides a foundation for meaningful reporting of students' academic progress over time. The model includes both horizontal and vertical alignment as integral parts of the development of content standards, test blueprints, items, item pools, instruments, performance level descriptors,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Student Evaluation, Cognitive Measurement, Models
Hawkridge, David G.; And Others – 1969
The principal aims of this study were to identify, select, analyze, and describe educational programs for culturally disadvantaged children from preschool through grade 12 which had yielded measured benefits of cognitive achievement. A literature search (mainly through ERIC) and mail inquiries followed by telephone consultations constituted the…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Black Students, Cognitive Ability