Purpose: Given the scientific and practical difficulties inherent in measuring and comparing socioeconomic deprivation (SED), and the further complexity added in cross national measurements, the main aim of this paper was to check the validity of SED measures used in PISA 2018 dataset. The SED measure used in PISA 2018 was the PISA index of…

Current growth mindset models lack the specificity regarding behavioral mechanisms that translate incremental beliefs into meaningful achievement gains. Addressing this gap, this study synthesized the literature to conceptualize the Integrated Growth Systems Framework (IGSF) and developed the Growth Practices Scale (GPS). The IGSF maps how a…

International English Language Testing System (IELTS) scores have been widely used as the language entry requirements for international students in many English-medium universities. However, research on the predictive validity of IELTS on subsequent academic performance has been inconclusive. Additionally, despite the proliferation of IELTS…

Self-report measures are essential sources of information about learners' studying perceptions. These perceptions also guide self-regulated learning (SRL) decisions and strategies in future studying. However, the development of self-report methods has not kept pace with other multi-modal methodological advancements, particularly in the field of…

Objective: The present research assessed the psychometric validity of the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS). Also, the current study examined how growth mindset is associated with academic achievement and engagement. Methods: A sample of 538 Filipino undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.9 (SD = 2.2) took part in the study.…

This study developed an Adolescents' Uncertainty Scale (AUS), with the aim of understanding individual differences in uncertainty among adolescents. In the pretest phase, 507 ninth-grade students were recruited. After exploratory factor analyses, a 25-item AUS with four dimensions--irresoluteness, instability, lack of self-knowledge, and…

What kinds of validity evidence can the University of Kansas Sense of Belonging Test (KU-SBT) provide? Through the operationalization of a construct, this study intends to build an initial validity argument for the KU-SBT to determine exchange graduate students' manifestations of internal and external sense of belonging, which may play a role in…

The term "nei juan" (in English "involution") has become a buzzword in recent Chinese tertiary educational contexts, denoting the intense competition and anxiety among Chinese college students. This project aims to develop a reliable and valid scale measuring Chinese college students' competitive psychology, that is, an…

This study is a conceptual replication of Teimouri et al.'s (2022) investigation into the validity of the second language (L2) grit scale (the L2-Grit scale). There are several concerns about the generalizability of the findings of Teimouri et al. (2022), especially regarding the discriminant validity of the scale and the relation of L2 grit with…

This study focuses on creating a reliable and valid instrument to measure high school students' perceptions of academic challenge. The research is divided into four phases: qualitative analysis, item development, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and validation. Initial data from college students' retrospective views and high school students'…

This two-study research built and validated the new questionnaire "LO-COMPASS: Learning Orientation-Cognition Metacognition Participation Assessment" aimed at capturing the interplay between cognitive, metacognitive, and affective-motivational learning attributes in middle school students' learning orientations proved to be significant…

The use of Experience Sampling Methods (ESM) to assess students' experiences, motivation, and emotions by sending signals to students at random or fixed time points has grown due to recent technological advances. Such methods offer several advantages, such as capturing the construct in the moment (i.e., when the events are fresh on respondents'…

The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) was developed to measure resilience factors in educational contexts. However, there is no clarity on whether the scale could be used as a measure of unidimensional academic resilience scores or just to obtain multidimensional academic resilience factors. How a scale is scored can affect the validity of…

Effective time management, encompassing prioritization, overcoming procrastination, and balancing socialization, is crucial for academic success as it enables students to optimize their productivity, focus on important tasks, and maintain a healthy work-life balance, leading to improved academic achievements. Thus, the present study tried to…

This research introduces the "Mindfulness Mindset Scale," a concise and reliable tool designed to measure beliefs about the malleability of mindfulness skills. Study 1 (N = 285) revealed a single-factor structure through exploratory factor analysis, further validated in Study 2 (N = 286) using confirmatory factor analysis. Studies 3a (N…