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Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen; Mossman, Sabrina; Vellenga, Heidi E. – Language Teaching Research, 2015
This study investigates the effect of instruction on the acquisition of pragmatic routines used in academic discussion, specifically expressions of agreement, disagreement, and clarification. Thirty-seven learners, including an experimental group of 26 students and a control group of 11 students, participated in the study. Five intact classes…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Pragmatics
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Xi, Xiaoming; Mollaun, Pam – ETS Research Report Series, 2006
This study explores the utility of analytic scoring for the TOEFL® Academic Speaking Test (TAST) in providing useful and reliable diagnostic information in three aspects of candidates' performance: delivery, language use, and topic development. G studies were used to investigate the dependability of the analytic scores, the distinctness of the…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Oral Language