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Peer reviewedOwings, William A.; Kaplan, Leslie S. – NASSP Bulletin, 2001
Describes origin and elements of the standards movement. Reviews research on grade retention and social promotion and concludes that both are failed strategies to improve student achievement. Describes principal's role in meeting standards. Discusses the use of systemic and classroom interventions to help students meet state standards. (Contains…
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Academic Standards, Accountability, Administrator Role
National Association of State Boards of Education, Alexandria, VA. – 2000
A study examined alternatives to retention or social promotion. Chapter 1 considers the short-term and long-term consequences of each alternative and concludes that neither improves declining graduation rates, declining ability to meet employer requirements, or the achievement gap between white students and students of color. Chapter 2 recommends…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Access to Education, Accountability
Thomas, Anne Hill – OSSC Bulletin, 1992
This bulletin examines some questions that arise when children are not ready for promotion: Should they be retained? Who decides? Are there alternatives to retention? What is the effect of retention on the student? Despite research limitations, those who examine the studies on grade repetition say they show that grade retention does not have a…
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Accountability, Board of Education Policy, Cost Effectiveness
