For a concise exposition of what management by objectives is and what it could mean for schools, with special reference to the principalship, this article is recommended reading. (Editor)

Zero-base budgeting is a management tool that provides a system that is responsive to change, incorporates sound principles of management, satisfies the need to effectively shift resources, and does not overload the budget staff. (Author/MLF)

Many management styles in business and education today are not efficient, however the system of Management By Objectives (MBO) is proving to be successful. An MBO system basically has three parts: plan, implement, and review. In the planning stage the organization's purpose is defined, a mission statement developed, goals set, and objectives…

Although two economic methods, cost effectiveness and benefit-cost analysis, are frequently mentioned as useful tools for educational decision making, only one, cost effectiveness, has potential for making a contribution to this field. A benefit-cost analysis tries for each alternative to measure benefits and costs, which are then discounted to…

Describes the basic concepts and suggested procedures for introducing zero base budgeting. (Author/MLF)

Several principles of management that have long been discussed and implemented in business now are being debated by educators, says the author. This article discusses many of these management principles, such as goal development and decision making, accountability, and objectives-based instructional programs, and their applications for classroom…

This paper makes a plea for major improvements in the management of American colleges and universities. Six innovative solutions are offered: (1) management development, (2) human organization, (3) creative environments, (4) participative styles of management, (5) management by objectives as an operating mode, and (6) performance and appraisal…

Interest in the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System (PPBS) has waned over the last five years for several reasons. Early rhetoric about PPBS obscured its true character and promised more than it could deliver. Initially, few had the competencies needed to implement it. It is often wrongly believed to be solely a budgeting system. Finally,…

The planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS) is an instrument to help policy-makers assign priorities and allocate resources. It does not seek to computerize what is essentially a political process, nor is it intended that the statisticians and cost accountants take over functions that properly belong to the political decision-maker. PPBS is…

Management systems have been adapted for educational administration in response to the need for quality of educational opportunity, collective bargaining, school district consolidation, decreasing enrollments, accountability laws, limited financial resources, and participatory decision-making. Management systems adapted, not adopted, from business…

This text is of a series of three handbooks, each intended to provide busy educational executives with a brief, practical overview of one major issue or movement. This book aims at providing both the theoretical base of the management by objectives and results (MBO/R) system of management and suggestions for its practical application. The author…

This document reports on the efforts of the South Carolina State Department of Education to develop a comprehensive educational planning capability. An assessment model and a dynamic model were developed to help in the identification of educational needs and in the evaluation of public education in the State. The assessment model relates…