In this discussion of the systems approach to educational change, the author discusses the programing, planning, budgeting, and evaluation aspects of a system for the management of educational resources. Four common misconceptions about PPBES are considered: (1) that PPBES can make decisions, (2) that costs can be completely quantitifed, (3) that…

A description of Iowa's new accounting procedure that has the capability to accommodate the smallest as well as the largest schools in the state. (Author/MLF)

This paper identifies the curricular-instructional implications of PPBS. The author (1) describes the purposes of PPBS, (2) proposes a feasible implementation strategy for local schools, (3) identifies potential pitfalls that should be avoided, (4) formulates a possible role description for supervisors, (5) identifies local schools using PPBS, and…

Reviews the basic rationale and elements of Planning, Programing, Budgeting Systems (PPBS) and discusses the value of PPBS as an administrative control system for implementing educational policy. (JG)

The Alabama Education Study Commission conducted a five-year project to find adequate measures of accountability for schools. The result, developed, implemented, and tested in 11 school districts in Alabama, was a Program Management and Budgeting (PMB) system combining elements of zero-base budgeting and management by objectives. PMB has the…

This paper outlines the concept of accountability, presents performance contracting as an external response to accountability, and examines the impact of planning, programing, budgeting, and evaluation systems (PPBES) in an accountable system. The major thesis of the paper is that PPBES assists in controlling accountability by specifying…

This report contains papers by various authors who examine accountability from the perspective of students, teachers, administrators, trustees, and society. The report serves to offer more clarity and dimension to the accountability concept for the administrator seeking knowledge about the emerging patterns of administrative accountability. Other…

Planning-programing-budgeting systems (PPBS) have borne few of the fruits that many claimed they would. This is partly due to the five following widely held misconceptions about PPBS: 1) that PPBS is primarily concerned with budgeting; 2) that PPBS should displace instructional goals; 3) that it is not necessary to attend to all elements of PPBS;…

Interest in the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System (PPBS) has waned over the last five years for several reasons. Early rhetoric about PPBS obscured its true character and promised more than it could deliver. Initially, few had the competencies needed to implement it. It is often wrongly believed to be solely a budgeting system. Finally,…

A management data base is seen as essential for a management information system, program budgeting, program costing, management by objectives, program evaluation, productivity measures, and accountability in institutions of higher education. The necessity of a management data base is addressed, along with the benefits and limitations it may have…

This booklet is designed primarily as an instructional manual for staff inservice training in fulfilling professional obligations for accountability. Important factors in bringing about accountability are people and systems--people assess the need, consent to meet the need, and contract to be responsible for specific standards of performance. The…

Public demands for accountability in school systems led the Capital School District in Dover, Delaware, to begin investigating management systems in 1974. This investigation led to the adoption of a management by objectives system in 1975 and the addition of program budgeting in 1976, providing the district with the tools of administrative…

Management systems have been adapted for educational administration in response to the need for quality of educational opportunity, collective bargaining, school district consolidation, decreasing enrollments, accountability laws, limited financial resources, and participatory decision-making. Management systems adapted, not adopted, from business…

It is possible for a district to develop a system of accountability that defines appropriate roles for lay citizens, pupils, teachers, administrators, and the board of education. It is not necessary for accountability to be imposed from the State level through mandates requiring Statewide assessments, competency-based teacher certification plans,…

In Section 1, this report, a third revision, describes and discusses the accountability legislation enacted in the United States from 1963 through 1974. Tables and graphs reveal which States have enacted accountability legislation and indicate how many States have enacted legislation in five accountability related categories: State…