In this discussion of the systems approach to educational change, the author discusses the programing, planning, budgeting, and evaluation aspects of a system for the management of educational resources. Four common misconceptions about PPBES are considered: (1) that PPBES can make decisions, (2) that costs can be completely quantitifed, (3) that…

Authors explain the importance of Program Planning and Budgeting Systems and how occupational program managers can use this technique in education. (Editor)

This document reports the activities of a workshop to describe and implement a planning, programing, budgeting system (PPBS) in the Beverly Hills Unified School District. During the workshop, the literature and the legal provisions were reviewed, the initial planning was accomplished, the program structured, and the goals identified. Further…

This paper outlines the concept of accountability, presents performance contracting as an external response to accountability, and examines the impact of planning, programing, budgeting, and evaluation systems (PPBES) in an accountable system. The major thesis of the paper is that PPBES assists in controlling accountability by specifying…

A management-by-objectives project designed to provide a rational basis for implementing a programming-planning-budgeting evaluation system in the school district is summarized. The project goal was to design and implement an accountability model utilizing participative management as a tool for development. Three organizational phases involved in…

The six papers in this publication discuss how reasonable planning processes can be established and how budgeting procedures can be related to the wider planning process. In the first selection, K. George Pedersen establishes the current context of educational planning and decisionmaking with emphasis on economic implications, and he outlines…

This booklet is designed primarily as an instructional manual for staff inservice training in fulfilling professional obligations for accountability. Important factors in bringing about accountability are people and systems--people assess the need, consent to meet the need, and contract to be responsible for specific standards of performance. The…

The Maryland State Department of Education participated with the Cooperative Accountability Project (CAP) in an exploratory study of the cost-pricing of educational accountability components. The exploratory study was undertaken to determine the state of the art in cost-pricing of accountability components at the State and local educational levels…

It is possible for a district to develop a system of accountability that defines appropriate roles for lay citizens, pupils, teachers, administrators, and the board of education. It is not necessary for accountability to be imposed from the State level through mandates requiring Statewide assessments, competency-based teacher certification plans,…

This publication explains in detail the money allocations according to program areas. A total realignment from the traditional line-item school budget, this budget follows both the instructional and noninstructional support program areas, each of which is described in the introductory statements. In addition, the budget represents the output of a…