This study describes the development and structure of a coding scheme for analysing solutions to well-structured problems in terms of cognitive processes and problem-solving deficiencies for first-year engineering students. A task analysis approach was used to assess students' problem solutions using the hierarchical structure from a…

During the process of translation, students need to learn how to detect and correct errors in their translation drafts, and collaboration among themselves is one possible way to do this. As Pym (2003) has explained, translation is a process of problem-solving; translators must be able to decide which choices are more or less appropriate for the…

Learning algebra is difficult for many students in part because of an emphasis on the memorization of abstract rules. Algebraic reasoners across expertise levels often rely on perceptual-motor strategies to make these rules meaningful and memorable. However, in many cases, rules are provided as patterns to be memorized verbally, with little overt…