The present study attempts to show a relationship between goal discrepancy and depression. A relationship was expected such that individuals with higher depression scores should have larger differences between aspiration level and attainment level, while individuals with lower depression scores should have smaller differences. (Author)

On the initial trial of two tasks there was no difference among performance of premedical students, dropouts from premedical programs, and liberal arts students. However under competitive conditions, premedical students showed greater improvement in performance than did premedical dropouts who showed greater improvement than did liberal arts…

The main results of this study were that paying students to attend counseling sessions significantly improved their final grades. Paying students to study mathematics was only effective among the brighter impulsive students. (Author)

The relationships of sex, father absence, family size, and birth order to factor scores representing general academic achievement'' were investigated in a sample of urban black ghetto fifth-grade children. Significant main effects were found for sex and family size. (Author)

Four tests, ostensibly designed to measure IQ, were described to internally and externally oriented subjects. For two of the tests, the experimenter's descriptions of the tests included "built-in" rationalizations designed to provide the subjects with potential explanations for any test failures. Externals demonstrated greater preference for the…

This study replicated the story completion part of the earlier research on fear of success by Horner, and introduced three variations in the cue used to measure fear of success, which was slightly more characteristic of honor students than others. (EK)

Subjects were 55 male and 86 female undergraduates who completed the following: (1) Rotter's I-E Scale; (2) the IPAT Anxiety Scale, and (3) a questionnaire about expectations of achieving valued goals. Findings indicate that the well documented relationship between locus of control and anxiety holds for both males and females and that a lower…

Data supported the general hypotheses that internals more actively than externals seek information which they perceive as useful in environmental control and that Negroes behave in an internal, achievement-oriented manner under conditions of appropriate expectancies and reinforcement values. (Author)

After being given either achievement-orienting or neutral instructions, subjects waited for an undesignated period of time and then performed an intellective task. Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that highly anxious persons under stress experience cognitive interference and preoccupation that makes time pass slowly and results in…

The Test Anxiety Scale for Children was rewritten to form separate comparative self-evaluation and anxiety scales. Correlations with variables that had been found to be related to the original scale and assumed to be affected by anxiety were generally higher for the self-evaluation scale than the anxiety scales. (Author)

This study examines the relationship, in women, between the motive to avoid success and feelings of being controlled externally. The results suggest that achievement motivation is blocked or lowered by feelings of external control in the situation of arousal of achievement anxieties in young women. (Author/PC)