In this article some problems, such as the tests employed to assess motivation, are considered together with suggestions for developing an instrument more in accordance with the achievement motivation theory as represented by the McClelland-Atkinson tradition. (Author/RK)

The influence of achievement motives, future time orientation (FTO), level of ability (IQ), sex of subjects, and perceived intrinsic instrumentality of school activity were considered in relation to manifested test anxiety at school. Subjects were 507 sixth graders. Pupils' achievement motives and their future time orientation were found to be the…

A principle component analysis with oblique rotation of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children revealed five cognitive/worry-oriented factors and two emotional/somatic-oriented factors, using data from 849 fifth graders. Achievement motives, future time orientation, and ability were the most important factors, whereas instrumentality revealed itself…

Interaction effects of 524 grade six pupils' achievement motives, ability level, future time orientation, sex, and perceived importance of school activity were considered in relation to approach/avoidance motivation. Achievement scores were positively related to approach motivation; successs-oriented, high-ability girls and moderate-ability boys…