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Direct linkScott, Marc A.; Diakow, Ronli; Hill, Jennifer L.; Middleton, Joel A. – Grantee Submission, 2018
We are concerned with the unbiased estimation of a treatment effect in the context of non-experimental studies with grouped or multilevel data. When analyzing such data with this goal, practitioners typically include as many predictors (controls) as possible, in an attempt to satisfy ignorability of the treatment assignment. In the multilevel…
Descriptors: Statistical Bias, Computation, Comparative Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Tan, Cheng Yong; Hew, Khe Foon – Educational Studies, 2017
The present study examined how access to home and school IT resources impacted student mathematics achievement. Data comprised 144,395 secondary school students from 7,308 schools in 22 developed economies who participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012. Results of hierarchical linear modelling showed that after…
Descriptors: Access to Computers, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education, Mathematics Achievement
