Whole number arithmetic is the foundation of higher mathematics and a core part of elementary mathematics. Awareness of pattern and underlying problem structure promote the learning of whole number arithmetic. A growing consensus has emerged on the necessity to provide students with the opportunity to engage in algebraic reasoning earlier in their…

The study addresses the relational reasoning of different-aged children and how addition reasoning is related to problem-solving skills within addition and to reasoning skills outside addition. Ninety-two 5- to 8-year-olds were asked to solve a series of conceptually related and unrelated addition problems, and the speed and accuracy of all…

On the basis of implications drawn from Piagetian theory, an approach to first-grade arithmetic which eliminated instruction and used only two kinds of activities (situations in daily living and group games) was implemented in an experimental context. Situations in daily living and group games, in contrast to "mechanical" worksheet…