After the 2003 U.S. Supreme Court decisions on the University of Michigan admission cases, which struck down racial preferences and quotas in Michigan's undergraduate and law school admission, several groups have challenged race-conscious admission, school placement policies and academic support programs. Even the federal government has challenged…

Conducted a series of analyses of existing data, not collected for the University of Michigan's litigation, on diversity in higher education. These data consistently confirm that racial diversity and student involvement in activities related to diversity have strong and direct effects on learning. Students may be most affected by what they learn…

Data from more than 60,000 college students indicate a statistically significant association between attendance at the most selective institutions and a variety of accomplishments in college and later life. Race-neutral admission would damage the prospects for developing a larger minority presence in the corporate and professional leadership of…