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Direct linkSchafer, Joseph L.; Kang, Joseph – Psychological Methods, 2008
In a well-designed experiment, random assignment of participants to treatments makes causal inference straightforward. However, if participants are not randomized (as in observational study, quasi-experiment, or nonequivalent control-group designs), group comparisons may be biased by confounders that influence both the outcome and the alleged…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Inferences, Psychological Studies, Simulation
