Twin studies find ~20% of the variance in achievement in public examinations taken at age 16 in the United Kingdom can be explained by experiences not shared within families. Nonshared environmental (NSE) influences, including measurement error, explain why monozygotic (MZ) twins differ from each other. Such influences work independently of…

Background: Numerous studies have examined gene × environment interactions (G × E) in cognitive and behavioral domains. However, these studies have been limited in that they have not been able to directly assess differential patterns of gene expression in the human brain. Here, we assessed G × E interactions using two publically available datasets…

Research has supported the existence of distinct behavioral patterns, demographic correlates, and etiologic mechanisms for aggressive (AGG) versus nonaggressive but delinquent (DEL) antisocial behavior. Though behavioral genetic studies have the potential to further crystallize these dimensions, inconsistent results have limited their…

Behavior states were observed in 66 subjects (ages 1-21) with profound disabilities, and data were analyzed as percentage of time subjects spent in various states, influence of environmental variables, and evidence of nonlinear state transitions. Findings suggest complex behavioral processes in the levels of alertness and responsiveness associated…

The author contends that the sexual revolution" is not yet with us. He notes that the findings stress that the majority of normal adolescent subjects move slowly in the direction of heterosexuality. (Author)

Among the main findings were that the home is relatively unimportant compared with school as a source of conflict situations, and that girls have a greater concern for problems of personal relationship at school. Certain problems specific to Ulster emerged. (Editor)

The behavior of four adolescents with severe or profound mental retardation was evaluated in the presence of four sets of materials during periods of unstructured leisure activity. Results indicate that the participants allocated their time principally to stereotypic behavior with materials when the number of sets of materials available was…

This investigation reports on follow-up information received from past participants of a school-based social learning program designed for problem adolescents. Data resulting from this pilot study fail to conclusively demonstrate the long-term merits of the behavioral program with this population. (Author)

National surveys of teenagers have provided information for making decisions about smoking prevention programs. Repeated surveys are necessary because smoking patterns change over time. The prevalence of adolescent smoking and the variables related to it were investigated as well as the potential utility of those variables in predicting habitual…

Focuses on "goofing off" and the meaning of that activity to students involved. Describes goofing off as an adaptive behavior which occurs within a particular organizational context. Discusses factors that affect the presence of this behavior. Analyzes what goofing off shows about early adolescence in the context of schooling. (RC)

THIS INVESTIGATION, WHICH TOOK PLACE IN ENGLAND, COMPARES THE ATTITUDES TOWARD SCHOOL OF A RANDOM SAMPLING OF 6,100 5- TO 15-YEAR-OLD PUPILS WITH THEIR PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR AT SCHOOL. PARENTS OF EACH PUPIL WERE SENT A QUESTIONNAIRE WHICH REQUIRED AN ASSESSMENT OF THEIR CHILD'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SCHOOL. IN ADDITION, INFORMATION WAS REQUESTED ON…

Comments on research problems raised in this special issue. Suggests that recent research highlights the nature of the multiple processes underlying variability in child and adolescent adjustment. Views variability as a function of covarying influences from multiple domains, operating on specific developmental outcomes across a background of time…

An interactional model explaining predisposition to hyperactivity asserts that being identified, diagnosed, and treated as hyperactive is a function of biological factors, early health and temperament, family characteristics, and the quality of the home environment. A longitudinal study involving 367 subjects, aged 17-18, tested the interactional…

A RESEARCH TEAM STUDIED INFLUENCES, ADAPTATION, AND ADAPTABILITY IN 50 POORLY ADAPTING BOYS AT BELLEFAIRE, A REGIONAL CHILD CARE CENTER FOR EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED CHILDREN. THE TEAM ATTEMPTED TO GAUGE THE SUCCESS OF THE RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT CENTER IN TERMS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PATTERNS AND ROLE PERFORMANCES OF THE BOYS DURING INDIVIDUAL CASEWORK…