Given the underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in health research (Heiat et al. in "Arch Int Med" 162(15):1-17, 2002; Kelly et al. in "J Nat Med Assoc" 97:777-783, 2005; United States Department of Health and Human Services. "Monitoring adherence to the NIH policy on the inclusion of women and minorities as subjects in…

In this article, the author talks about functional electrical stimulation in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is defined as the electrical stimulation of muscles that have impaired motor control, in order to produce a contraction to obtain functionally useful movement. It was first proposed in…

Social reciprocity deficits are a core feature of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This review summarizes the state of research in group-based social skills training programs for school-age children and adolescents with ASD. All published studies of group social skills interventions between 1985 and 2006 were reviewed, as well as dissertations…

Three 24 member groups of retarded adolescents, chronological age-matched adolescents, and mental age-matched children were assessed in their ability to match the repetition rate of 10-second stimulus sequences presented under four modality switching conditions (unimodal, trimodal double, trimodal single periodic, and trimodal single aperiodic),…

Three normal children with reported musical ability and three autistic children (all Ss 14 to 18 years old) were tested for the ability to imitate individual tones and series of tones delivered by voice, piano, and synthesizer. (Author)

The paper reviews various types of definitions of learning disabilities and presents the specific operational definition that was used in a study involving 1,105 adolescents on the relationship between learning disability and juvenile delinquency. The definition of learning disability is analyzed in terms of its principal components, types of…

A learning task was used to examine the differences in responsiveness to symbolic and tangible incentives with 24 predelinquent and 25 nondelinquent 15-year-old boys. (Author/SBH)

The influence of situational expectations, conditioned by previous experience, on the interpretation of entire prose passages was investigated with 22 hearing and 18 hearing impaired adolescents. The ambiguous paragraph model was borrowed from D. Schallert and two separate paragraphs were constructed. Ten multiple choice questions were generated…

The alpha rhythm frequencies (8 to 13 cycles per second, occurring during a S's relaxed state with eyes closed, measured by the electroencephalogram) of three groups of Ss (30 Down's Syndrome residents, 21 psychiatric patients, and 10 university students) aged 13 to 24 years, were determined according to explicit criteria. (Author/MC)

A new approach in teaching long division, based on a theoretical model of how the brain functions in problem solving, was presented to a group of five mentally ill adolescents who were previously unable to learn long division. (Author)