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Roark, Casey L.; Lescht, Erica; Hampton Wray, Amanda; Chandrasekaran, Bharath – Developmental Psychology, 2023
Categories are fundamental to everyday life and the ability to learn new categories is relevant across the lifespan. Categories are ubiquitous across modalities, supporting complex processes such as object recognition and speech perception. Prior work has proposed that different categories may engage learning systems with unique developmental…
Descriptors: Children, Preadolescents, Adults, Learning Modalities
Powell, Lindsey J.; Deen, Ben; Saxe, Rebecca – Developmental Science, 2018
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that could be uniquely effective for investigating cortical function in human infants. However, prior efforts have been hampered by the difficulty of aligning arrays of fNIRS optodes placed on the scalp to anatomical or functional regions of underlying cortex.…
Descriptors: Spectroscopy, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Infants, Reliability
Meissner, Tobias W.; Prüfer, Helen; Nordt, Marisa; Semmelmann, Kilian; Weigelt, Sarah – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2018
We investigated the ability to detect a face among other visual objects in a complex visual array in 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children, as well as in adults. To this end, we used a visual search paradigm implemented on a touch-tablet device. Subjects (N = 100) saw up to eighty 3 × 3 visual search arrays and had to find and tap upon a target--a face…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Human Body, Cognitive Development, Adults
Can White Children Grow up to Be Black? Children's Reasoning about the Stability of Emotion and Race
Roberts, Steven O.; Gelman, Susan A. – Developmental Psychology, 2016
Recent research questions whether children conceptualize race as stable. We examined participants' beliefs about the relative stability of race and emotion, a temporary feature. Participants were White adults and children ages 5-6 and 9-10 (Study 1) and racial minority children ages 5-6 (Study 2). Participants were presented with target children…
Descriptors: Race, Whites, Children, Adults
Langus, Alan; Seyed-Allaei, Shima; Uysal, Ertugrul; Pirmoradian, Sahar; Marino, Caterina; Asaadi, Sina; Eren, Ömer; Toro, Juan M.; Peña, Marcela; Bion, Ricardo A. H.; Nespor, Marina – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Our native tongue influences the way we perceive other languages. But does it also determine the way we perceive nonlinguistic sounds? The authors investigated how speakers of Italian, Turkish, and Persian group sequences of syllables, tones, or visual shapes alternating in either frequency or duration. We found strong native listening effects…
Descriptors: Native Language, Listening Comprehension, Italian, Turkish
Möhring, Wenke; Newcombe, Nora S.; Frick, Andrea – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Spatial scaling is an important prerequisite for many spatial tasks and involves an understanding of how distances in different-sized spaces correspond. Previous studies have found evidence for such an understanding in preschoolers; however, the mental processes involved remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether children and…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Scaling, Preschool Children, Adults
Roder, Brigitte; Pagel, Birthe; Heed, Tobias – Cognition, 2013
The integrated use of spatial and temporal information seems to support the separation of two sensory streams. The present study tested whether this facilitation depends on the encoding of sensory stimuli in externally anchored spatial coordinate systems. Fifty-nine children between 5 and 12 years as well as 12 young adults performed a crossmodal…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Cognitive Processes, Children, Adults
Tek, Saime; Jaffery, Gul; Swensen, Lauren; Fein, Deborah; Naigles, Letitia R. – Cognitive Development, 2012
Previous research has demonstrated that visual properties of objects can affect shape-based categorization in a novel-name extension task; however, we still do not know how a relationship between visual properties of objects affects judgments in a novel-name extension task. We examined effects of increased visual similarity among the target and…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Cognitive Development, Visual Stimuli, Adults
Larkina, Marina; Bauer, Patricia J. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2012
Most adults experience childhood amnesia: They have very few memories of events prior to 3 to 4 years of age. Nevertheless, some early memories are retained. Multiple factors likely are responsible for the survival of early childhood memories, including external representations such as videos, photographs, and conversations about past experiences,…
Descriptors: Adults, Retention (Psychology), Science Experiments, Recall (Psychology)
Ma, Lili; Woolley, Jacqueline D. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2013
This research explores whether young children are sensitive to speaker gender when learning novel information from others. Four- and 6-year-olds ("N" = 144) chose between conflicting statements from a male versus a female speaker (Studies 1 and 3) or decided which speaker (male or female) they would ask (Study 2) when learning about the functions…
Descriptors: Young Children, Gender Differences, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Sex Stereotypes
Clery, Helen; Roux, Sylvie; Besle, Julien; Giard, Marie-Helene; Bruneau, Nicole; Gomot, Marie – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Automatic stimulus-change detection is usually investigated in the auditory modality by studying Mismatch Negativity (MMN). Although the change-detection process occurs in all sensory modalities, little is known about visual deviance detection, particularly regarding the development of this brain function throughout childhood. The aim of the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Visual Stimuli, Brain, Child Development
Blattler, Colin; Ferrari, Vincent; Didierjean, Andre; Marmeche, Evelyne – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of expertise on motion anticipation. We conducted 2 experiments in which novices and expert pilots viewed simulated aircraft landing scenes. The scenes were interrupted by the display of a black screen and then started again after a forward or backward shift. The participant's task was to…
Descriptors: Expertise, Motion, Cognitive Development, Experiments
Simmering, Vanessa R. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2012
The change detection task has been used in dozens of studies with adults to measure visual working memory capacity. Two studies have recently tested children in this task, suggesting a gradual increase in capacity from 5 years to adulthood. These results contrast with findings from an infant looking paradigm suggesting that capacity reaches…
Descriptors: Evidence, Infants, Program Effectiveness, Short Term Memory
Surtees, Andrew D. R.; Butterfill, Stephen A.; Apperly, Ian A. – British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2012
Studies with infants show divergence between performance on theory of mind tasks depending on whether "direct" or "indirect" measures are used. It has been suggested that direct measures assess a flexible but cognitively demanding ability to reason about the minds of others, whereas indirect measures assess distinct processes…
Descriptors: Developmental Psychology, Theory of Mind, Cognitive Development, Perspective Taking
Balas, Benjamin; Kanwisher, Nancy; Saxe, Rebecca – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2012
Body language and facial gesture provide sufficient visual information to support high-level social inferences from "thin slices" of behavior. Given short movies of nonverbal behavior, adults make reliable judgments in a large number of tasks. Here we find that the high precision of adults' nonverbal social perception depends on the slow…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Cues, Nonverbal Communication, Social Cognition