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Yaojin Li; Jianwen Chen; Xintong Zheng; Jianxiu Liu; Cong Peng; Youguo Liao – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2023
Background: Executive function (EF) deficit is considered to be a core cognitive deficit in ADHD. The current study combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and numerical switching tasks to investigate the cognitive flexibility of adult ADHD as an important part of EF. Material and Methods: The Wender Utah Rating Scale and the adult…
Descriptors: Adults, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Executive Function, Spectroscopy
Minga, Jamila; Fromm, Davida; Jacks, Adam; Stockbridge, Melissa D.; Nelthropp, Jennifer; MacWhinney, Brian – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Background: Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can cause challenges with information gathering. Cognitive processes aid in implicit and explicit information gathering, yet the relationship between these processes and question-asking, the most explicit avenue of information gathering, has not been explored. The purpose of this exploratory…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Information Seeking, Cognitive Processes
Zhang, Zheng; Peng, Peng; Zhang, Delong – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020
Abnormalities in executive function (EF) are clinical markers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal EF in ASD remain unclear. This meta-analysis investigated the construct, abnormalities, and age-related changes of EF in ASD. Thirty-three fMRI studies of inhibition, updating, and switching in…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Children
Diaz, Michele T.; Yalcinbas, Ege – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2021
Although hearing often declines with age, prior research has shown that older adults may benefit from multisensory input to a greater extent when compared to younger adults, a concept known as inverse effectiveness. While there is behavioral evidence in support of this phenomenon, less is known about its neural basis. The present functional MRI…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Older Adults, Sensory Integration, Diagnostic Tests
English, Michael C. W.; Maybery, Murray T.; Visser, Troy A. W. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Previous work shows that doing a continuous performance task (CPT) shifts attentional biases in neurotypical individuals towards global aspects of hierarchical Navon figures by selectively activating right hemisphere regions associated with global processing. The present study examines whether CPT can induce similar modulations of attention in…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Attention, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Liu, Xiuying; Liu, Tongran; Shangguan, Fangfang; Sørensen, Thomas Alrik; Liu, Qian; Shi, Jiannong – Developmental Psychology, 2018
Conflict adaptation is key in how children self-regulate and assert cognitive control in a given situation compared with a previous experience. In the current study, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) to identify age-related differences in conflict adaptation. Participants of different ages (5-year-old children, 10-year-old children, and…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Physiology, Comparative Analysis
Wei, Chun-Chun; Ma, Min-Yuan – Reading & Writing Quarterly, 2017
This study investigates the relationship between visual attention and reading time using a mobile electroencephalography device. The mobile electroencephalography device uses a single channel dry sensor, which easily measures participants' attention in the real-world reading environment. The results reveal that age significantly influences visual…
Descriptors: Correlation, Gender Differences, Multimedia Materials, Diagnostic Tests
Roberts, Lynette V.; Richmond, Jenny L. – Developmental Science, 2015
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit a behavioral phenotype of specific strengths and weaknesses, in addition to a generalized cognitive delay. In particular, adults with DS exhibit specific deficits in learning and memory processes that depend on the hippocampus, and there is some suggestion of impairments on executive function tasks that…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Down Syndrome, Genetics, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Bowler, Dermot M.; Gaigg, Sebastian B.; Gardiner, John M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
Diminished episodic memory and diminished use of semantic information to aid recall by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both thought to result from diminished relational binding of elements of complex stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we asked high-functioning adults with ASD and typical comparison participants to study grids in…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Memory
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, 2016
Adults need certain capabilities to get and keep a job, provide responsive care for children, manage a household, and contribute productively to the community. When these skills have not developed as they should, or are compromised by the stresses of poverty or other ongoing adversity, our communities pay the price. But where do these capabilities…
Descriptors: Adults, Skill Development, Job Skills, Parenting Skills
Vidal, Julie; Mills, Travis; Pang, Elizabeth W.; Taylor, Margot J. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Inhibition is a core executive function reliant on the frontal lobes that shows protracted maturation through to adulthood. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of response inhibition during a visual go/no-go task in 14 teenagers and 14 adults using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a contrast between two no-go experimental conditions…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Adolescents, Spatial Ability, Cognitive Processes