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Annabeth P. Groenman; Carolien Torenvliet; Tulsi A. Radhoe; Joost A. Agelink van Rentergem; Wikke van der Putten; Mareike Altgassen; Hilde M. Geurts – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2024
Prospective memory helps us to remember to perform tasks in the future. Prospective memory can be either time or event based. The goal of this study was to determine time- and event-based prospective memory in autistic adults across the life span. Autistic (n = 82) and non-autistic (n = 111) adults, aged between 30 and 86 years, performed the…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Memory, Age
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Marianna Kyriacou; Cecilie Rummelhoff; Franziska Köder – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2025
Objective: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts pragmatic communication abilities in children, including their understanding of verbal irony. This study aims to investigate whether adults with ADHD experience similar challenges in interpreting ironic statements, and to examine the role of executive attention abilities in accounting…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Figurative Language, Adults, Executive Function
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Marrium Mansoor; Benjamin Katz – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2023
Objective: Understanding the association between polygenic risk for ADHD and cognition throughout aging has not been widely studied. This study aimed to determine whether ADHD risk influences cognitive performance among individuals at both young-old and middle-old age. Method: Participants from the Health and Retirement Study, a biennial survey of…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cognitive Processes, Genetics, Executive Function
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Patdanai Puvacharoonkul; Pornapit Darasawang; Tanagrit Phangwiwat; Praewpiraya Wiwatphonthana; Sirawaj Itthipuripat – rEFLections, 2024
Cognitive control is a mental construct thought to be important in most cognitive tasks, including second language learning. Its functions are believed by many scholars to be mainly domain-general, with some transferability across linguistic and non-linguistic domains. Our study aims to investigate to what extent the domain-generality claim of…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Bilingualism, Executive Function, Second Language Learning
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Minga, Jamila; Fromm, Davida; Jacks, Adam; Stockbridge, Melissa D.; Nelthropp, Jennifer; MacWhinney, Brian – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Background: Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can cause challenges with information gathering. Cognitive processes aid in implicit and explicit information gathering, yet the relationship between these processes and question-asking, the most explicit avenue of information gathering, has not been explored. The purpose of this exploratory…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Information Seeking, Cognitive Processes
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Yuwen Hung; Allison Green; Caroline Kelberman; Schuyler Gaillard; James Capella; Nicole Rudberg; John D. E. Gabrieli; Joseph Biederman; Mai Uchida – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Objective: Stimulant medications are the main treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but overall treatment efficacy in adults has less than a 60% response rate. This study aimed to identify neural and cognitive markers predictive of longitudinal improvement in response to stimulant treatment in drug-naïve adults with ADHD.…
Descriptors: Stimulants, Drug Therapy, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Adults
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Landsiedel, Julia; Williams, David M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020
Time-based prospective memory (PM) is diminished under various task demands in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is still unclear what underpins their impairment or how it could be remediated. This study explored whether instructions to prioritise one element of a PM task over another improved performance in adults with…
Descriptors: Memory, Time, Adults, Autism
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Gkalitsiou, Zoi; Byrd, Courtney; Griffin, Zenzi – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2020
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate executive control in adults who stutter (AWS) and adults who do not stutter (AWNS) via a nonspeech paradigm, wherein eye movements were monitored (i.e., antisaccade task). Processes involved in an antisaccade task include working memory, attention, and voluntary motor control, but the task…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Adults, Stuttering, Eye Movements
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Zupan, Zorana; Blagrove, Elisabeth L.; Watson, Derrick G. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
By approximately 6 years of age, children can use time-based visual selection to ignore stationary stimuli, already in the visual field and prioritize the selection of newly arriving stimuli. This ability can be studied using preview search, a version of the visual search paradigm with an added temporal component, in which one set of distractors…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Visual Stimuli, Comparative Analysis, Adults
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Aul, Courtney; Brau, Julia M.; Sugarman, Alexander; DeGutis, Joseph M.; Germine, Laura T.; Esterman, Michael; McGlinchey, Regina E.; Fortenbaugh, Francesca C. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Visuospatial processing speed underlies several cognitive functions critical for successful completion of everyday tasks, including driving and walking. While it is widely accepted that visuospatial processing speed peaks in early adulthood, performance across the lifespan remains incompletely characterized. Additionally, there remains a lack of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Test Construction
Nicole Cruse – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in a wide array of cognitive deficits, including executive functions. A proposal by Ferretti and colleagues (2011 & 2013) has suggested that executive dysfunction caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) impact navigation and discourse abilities in similar ways, suggesting that these skills may share…
Descriptors: Head Injuries, Neurological Impairments, Executive Function, Cognitive Ability
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Coutelle, Romain; Goltzene, Marc-André; Bizet, Eric; Schoenberger, Marie; Berna, Fabrice; Danion, Jean-Marie – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020
The structural characteristics of self-concept refer to the way in which the elements of self-knowledge are organized and can be experienced by individuals in the form of self-concept clarity. It is intimately linked to autobiographical memory. Therefore, we sought to compare self-concept clarity and autobiographical memory between adults with ASD…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Autobiographies, Memory, Theory of Mind
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Frischkorn, Gidon T.; von Bastian, Claudia C. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain.…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Learning Theories, Executive Function, Cognitive Processes
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Troche, Stefan J.; von Gugelberg, Helene M.; Pahud, Olivier; Rammsayer, Thomas H. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
One of the best-established findings in intelligence research is the pattern of positive correlations among various intelligence tests. Although this so-called positive manifold became the conceptual foundation of many theoretical accounts of intelligence, the very nature of it has remained unclear. Only recently, "Process Overlap…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Attention Control, Psychometrics, Intelligence Tests
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Smith, Elizabeth; Hedge, Craig; Jarrold, Christopher – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Executive function (EF) decline is a consistent early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among adults with Down syndrome (DS), which means that baseline measures of EF for individuals with DS are vital to allow detection of meaningful decline. We developed a framework to extract measures of three core components of EF (memory updating, inhibitory,…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Down Syndrome, Identification, Clinical Diagnosis
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