Purpose: This study uses data from the 2019 China Institute for Educational Finance Research Household Survey to investigate expenditure on children's education in China. Design/Approach/Methods: Using descriptive and regression analysis, this study analyzes the level and structure of household expenditure on children's education, the associated…

Private supplementary tutoring, also known as shadow education, has had a profound influence on Chinese education during the past twenty years. The rapid expansion of shadow education has attracted the attention and increased regulation of the Chinese government. In July 2021, the Chinese government adopted one of the most restrictive legislative…

The Double Reduction policy represents a significant educational reform endeavor of the Chinese government to alleviate the overly heavy burdens of homework and off-campus training for compulsory education students. Using the method of literature review, this study surveys the existing empirical research on the effects of the policy on the…

Studies have shown that course participation and academic performance are key factors in defining the success of online education, but much remains unknown regarding how best to define the success of online K-12 after-school education that are popular in Asian countries. To address this issue, we used a longitudinal clustering approach to analyze…