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Smith, Lee; van Jaarsveld, Cornelia H. M.; Llewellyn, Clare H.; Fildes, Alison; López Sánchez, Guillermo Felipe; Wardle, Jane; Fisher, Abigail – Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2017
Purpose: Variability in the timing of infant developmental milestones is poorly understood. We used a twin analysis to estimate genetic and environmental influences on motor development and activity levels in infancy. Method: Data were from the Gemini Study, a twin birth cohort of 2,402 families with twins born in the United Kingdom in 2007.…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Child Development, Twins
Gagne, Jeffrey R.; Saudino, Kimberly J. – Developmental Psychology, 2016
Parent- and lab-based observer ratings were employed to examine genetic and environmental influences on continuity and change in inhibitory control (IC) in over 300 twin-pairs assessed longitudinally at 2 and 3 years of age. Genetic influences accounted for approximately 60% of the variance in parent-rated IC at both ages. Although many of the…
Descriptors: Genetics, Twins, Young Children, Inhibition
Harlaar, Nicole; Trzaskowski, Maciej; Dale, Philip S.; Plomin, Robert – Child Development, 2014
The genetic effects on individual differences in reading development were examined using genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) in a twin sample. In unrelated individuals (one twin per pair, n = 2,942), the GCTA-based heritability of reading fluency was ~20%-29% at ages 7 and 12. GCTA bivariate results showed that the phenotypic stability of…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Twins, Genetics, Individual Differences
Saudino, Kimberly J. – Child Development, 2012
Actigraphs and parent and observer ratings were used to explore genetic influences on continuity and change in activity level (AL) in early childhood. Over 300 pairs of twins wore actigraphs for a 48-hr period in the home and laboratory at ages 2 and 3. AL was genetically influenced at both ages with little evidence of differential heritability…
Descriptors: Physical Activity Level, Twins, Young Children, Genetics
Brooker, Rebecca J.; Buss, Kristin A.; Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn; Aksan, Nazan; Davidson, Richard J.; Goldsmith, H. Hill – Developmental Science, 2013
Despite implications that stranger fear is an important aspect of developing behavioral inhibition, a known risk factor for anxiety, normative and atypical developmental trajectories of stranger fear across infancy and toddlerhood remain understudied. We used a large, longitudinal data set (N = 1285) including multi-trait, multi-method assessments…
Descriptors: Fear, Infants, Toddlers, Infant Behavior
Olson, Richard K.; Keenan, Janice M.; Byrne, Brian; Samuelsson, Stefan – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2014
Modern behavior-genetic studies of twins in the United States, Australia, Scandinavia, and the United Kingdom show that genes account for most of the variance in children's reading ability by the end of the 1st year of formal reading instruction. Strong genetic influence continues across the grades, though the relevant genes vary for reading words…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Skill Development, Child Development, Genetics
Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Harden, K. Paige – Developmental Science, 2012
Parenting is traditionally conceptualized as an exogenous environment that affects child development. However, children can also influence the quality of parenting that they receive. Using longitudinal data from 650 identical and fraternal twin pairs, we found that, controlling for cognitive ability at age 2 years, cognitive stimulation by parents…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Twins, Stimulation, Child Rearing
Hoekstra, Rosa A.; Bartels, Meike; van Leeuwen, Marieke; Boomsma, Dorret I. – Developmental Science, 2009
The etiology of individual differences in general verbal ability, verbal learning and letter and category fluency were examined in two independent samples of 9- and 18-year-old twin pairs and their siblings. In both age groups, we observed strong familial resemblance for general verbal ability and moderate familial resemblance for verbal learning,…
Descriptors: Twins, Verbal Learning, Late Adolescents, Genetics
Chilosi, A. M.; Cipriani, P.; Pecini, C.; Brizzolara, D.; Biagi, L.; Montanaro, D.; Tosetti, M.; Cioni, G. – Brain and Language, 2008
In the present paper, we address brain-behaviour relationships in children with acquired aphasia, by reviewing some recent studies on the effects of focal brain lesions on language development. Timing of the lesion, in terms of its occurrence, before or after the onset of speech and language acquisition, may be a major factor determining language…
Descriptors: Twins, Aphasia, Children, Brain
Trundley, Ruth – Mathematics Teaching Incorporating Micromath, 2008
In this article, the author discusses her research into the development of counting in pre-school children. Her research involved a small-scale case study with a personal flavour--the children in the study were her twin daughters (called Emily and Alice for the purpose of the research). Observations of their mathematical development began at 18…
Descriptors: Number Concepts, Mathematics Instruction, Numeracy, Case Studies
Wallace, Gregory L.; Schmitt, J. Eric; Lenroot, Rhoshel; Viding, Essi; Ordaz, Sarah; Rosenthal, Michael A.; Molloy, Elizabeth A.; Clasen, Liv S.; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Neale, Michael C.; Giedd, Jay N. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging studies have demonstrated increasing volumes of white matter and regionally-specific inverted U shaped developmental trajectories of gray matter volumes during childhood and adolescence. Studies of monozygotic and dyzygotic twins during this developmental period allow exploration of genetic and…
Descriptors: Twins, Structural Equation Models, Neurological Organization, Genetics
Eidelman, Arthur I.; Feldman, Ruth – Zero to Three, 2006
The explosion in the rate of multiple births has led to new questions about how adequately prepared parents are for the demands of raising triplets and the implications for the healthy development of the infants. The authors examined the relationship between mothering, infant social behavior, and cognitive development in a longitudinal study of 23…
Descriptors: Mothers, Social Behavior, Infants, Interaction
Scourfield, Jane; John, Bethan; Martin, Neilson; McGuffin, Peter – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
Background: Childhood psychopathology is associated with both high and low levels of prosocial behaviour. It has been proposed that the development of prosocial behaviour shows emerging and consolidating individual differences as children grow older. The influences on these individual differences have not previously been examined in children and…
Descriptors: Psychopathology, Adolescents, Genetics, Parents
Deater-Deckard, Kirby; Petrill, Stephen A.; Thompson, Lee A.; DeThorne, Laura S. – Developmental Science, 2005
Task persistence, measured by a composite score of independent teacher, tester and observer reports, was examined using behavioral genetic analysis. Participants included 92 monozygotic and 137 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs in Kindergarten or 1st grade (4.3 to 7.9 years old). Task persistence was widely distributed, higher among older children,…
Descriptors: Twins, Persistence, Standardized Tests, Genetics