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Grant, Molly; Meissel, Kane; Exeter, Daniel – Educational Psychology Review, 2023
Children's learning and cognitive development have a distinct receptivity to the circumstances of childhood. However, not all children have equal opportunities and learning inequities continue to be influenced by the social and economic circumstances of childhood. Examining factors within the environments that children are growing up in, and the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Social Influences, Economic Factors, Pregnancy
Edna Orr; Rinat Caspi – Child Care in Practice, 2025
The association between parents' work-family conflicts and children's academic outcomes is an understudied topic. The present research investigates the role of quadratic measures--parental working hours' scale, parental age, parental interaction quality, and learning materials at home--in children's cognitive outcomes. It employs a community…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Children, Parents, Work Life Expectancy
Ben Izhak, Shachar; Lavidor, Michal – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
The field of cognitive training (CT) has been researched for over a century. However, there is still a debate regarding its ability to produce cognitive improvement, especially in working memory (WM) indices. This meta-analysis examined whether there is an advantage in training gains by comparing the results of two specific WM training approaches,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Meta Analysis, Learning Strategies, Cognitive Processes
Li, Weilin; Duncan, Greg J.; Magnuson, Katherine; Schindler, Holly S.; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu; Leak, Jimmy – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2020
This paper uses meta-analytic techniques to estimate the separate effects of the starting age, program duration, and persistence of impacts of early childhood education programs on children's cognitive and achievement outcomes. It concentrates on studies published before the wide scale penetration of state-pre-K programs. Specifically, data are…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, School Entrance Age, Time, Program Effectiveness
Jabr, Dua; Cahan, Sorel – School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2015
This study contributes to the investigation of the variability of the schooling effect on cognitive development between educational systems and its underlying factors, by focusing on 3 cases differing in the characteristics assumed to affect the magnitude of the schooling effect (the quality of the schooling and students' mean ability to benefit…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Development, Outcomes of Education, Educational Quality
Somerville, Leah H.; Hare, Todd; Casey, B. J. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
Adolescent risk-taking is a public health issue that increases the odds of poor lifetime outcomes. One factor thought to influence adolescents' propensity for risk-taking is an enhanced sensitivity to appetitive cues, relative to an immature capacity to exert sufficient cognitive control. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing interactions…
Descriptors: Cues, Self Control, Public Health, Adolescents
Barr, Rachel; Lauricella, Alexis; Zach, Elizabeth; Calvert, Sandra L. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2010
This study described the relations among the amount of child-directed versus adult-directed television exposure at ages 1 and 4 with cognitive outcomes at age 4. Sixty parents completed 24-hour television diaries when their children were 1 and 4 years of age. At age 4, their children also completed a series of cognitive measures and parents…
Descriptors: Programming (Broadcast), Young Children, Diaries, Mass Media Effects
Duncan, Greg J.; Leak, James A.; Li, Weilin; Magnuson, Katherine; Schindler, Holly; Yoshikawa, Hiro – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2011
The focus of this paper centers around timing associated with early childhood education programs and interventions using meta-analytic methods. At any given assessment age, a child's current age equals starting age, plus duration of program, plus years since program ended. Variability in assessment ages across the studies should enable everyone to…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Young Children, Program Effectiveness, Effect Size

Cahan, Sorel; Artman, Lavee – Cognitive Development, 1997
Examined hypothesis that experiences unique to schooling account for improved performance on invalid conditional syllogisms with age. Found small negative effect from out-of-school experiences and considerable positive effect of schooling; hence, unlike other cognitive tasks in which schooling operates in same direction as out-of-school…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Experience, Logic

Morrongiello, Barbara A.; Roes, Caroline L. – Developmental Psychology, 1990
A sample of 48 children with and without musical training were presented with a melody of 9 notes and asked to select the line drawing that best depicted the melodic contour. Findings indicated a lengthy course of development of sensitivity to diatonic scale structure and suggested that musical training may enhance acquisition of this type of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development, Difficulty Level
Stipek, Deborah – Society for Research in Child Development, 2002
Research that bears on the issue of school entry policies is summarized in this report. The focus is on the age children should be to enter kindergarten and the potential benefits of delaying school entry for all or some children. The research reviewed uses three methodologies: (1) comparing outcomes for children who have delayed entry by a year…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, School Entrance Age, Comparative Analysis, Age Differences
Bisanz, Jeffrey – 1989
The cutoff method was used on longitudinal data in more than one content domain in a study attempting to determine whether the effects of schooling are general or limited. Conservation of number, an informally acquired skill, and mental addition, a formally acquired skill, were evaluated among older kindergarten children, younger 1st-grade…
Descriptors: Addition, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Conservation (Concept)
Crawford, Claire; Dearden, Lorraine; Meghir, Costas – Centre for the Economics of Education (NJ1), 2007
The impact of date of birth on cognitive test scores is well documented across many countries, with the youngest children in each academic year performing more poorly, on average, than the older members of their cohort (see, for example, Bedard and Dhuey (2006) or Puhani and Weber (2005)1). However, relatively little is known about the driving…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Child Development, Age Differences, Age Grade Placement
Sameroff, Arnold J., Ed.; Haith, Marshall M. – 1996
This book reviews the contemporary state of knowledge on developmental transitions between 5 and 7 years. Contributions are: (1) "Interpreting Developmental Transitions" (Arnold Sameroff; Marshall Haith); (2) "The Child's Entry into the 'Age of Reason'" (Sheldon White); (3) "Is There a Neural Basis for Cognitive…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Child Development, Child Responsibility
Mediax Associates, Inc., Westport, CT. – 1980
The third of three volumes, this document provides (1) a reduced list of child development characteristics obtained from parents, teachers, and staff participating in Head Start Input Workshops set up to identify desirable program effects; (2) a Tabulation of Importance Ratings, showing how workshop participants valued specific statements of child…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Attitudes, Classification
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