Grade level norms were developed, based on a sample of 678 elementary school students, for various error scores of the Benton Visual Retention Test. Norms were also developed for 201 normal children, 58 minimal brain dysfunction children, and 101 educable mentally retarded children. In both the copying mode and the memory mode, most errors were…

Studies a test based on coded data from spontaneous behavior of children (two-seven years) presented with the Lock Box. Scales were derived measuring psychomotor competence, organization of exploration, and aimlessness. The test was administered to normal and retarded children, with the retarded's responses significantly poorer on all scales.…

Four experiments examined the spatial orientation of children who walked while wearing a blindfold. Children and adults viewed a target, were guided blindfolded to a new point, and then aimed a pointer at the target. Route complexity, but not number of targets or time delay, affected spatial orientation. Some age differences were observed. (BC)