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Homer, Bruce D.; Plass, Jan L.; Rose, Maya C.; MacNamara, Andrew; Pawar, Shashank; Ober, Teresa M. – Grantee Submission, 2019
"Executive function" (EF), critical for many developmental outcomes, emerge in childhood and continue developing into early adulthood (Blakemore & Choudhury, 2006). During adolescence there are important developments in "Hot EF," which involves using EF in emotionally salient contexts (Zelazo & Carlson, 2012). The…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Ability, Age Differences, Prior Learning
Hurst, Michelle A.; Cordes, Sara – Developmental Psychology, 2018
When proportional information is pit against whole number numerical information, children often attend to the whole number information at the expense of proportional information (e.g., indicating 4/9 is greater than 3/5 because 4 > 3). In the current study, we presented younger (3- to 4-year-olds) and older (5- to 6-year-olds) children a task…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Numeracy, Age Differences, Preschool Children
Keane, Lainey; Griffin, Claire P. – Irish Educational Studies, 2018
Self-assessment practices have been advocated in recent Irish educational documents due to their potential to enhance school children's learning and self-regulatory skills. However, the literature has highlighted how some children struggle to make accurate self-assessments of their academic work, which diminishes such positive effects (Keane and…
Descriptors: Self Evaluation (Individuals), Prior Learning, Age Differences, Evaluation Problems
Verschaffel, Lieven; Reybrouck, Mark; Degraeuwe, Goedele; Van Dooren, Wim – Psychology of Music, 2013
This study investigates children's metarepresentational competence (MRC) with regard to listening to and making sense of simple sonic stimuli. Using diSessa's (2002) seminal work on MRC in mathematics and sciences as background, it aims to assess the relative importance children attribute to several criteria for representational adequacy…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Children, Metacognition, Auditory Perception
Principe, Gabrielle F.; Tinguely, Alison; Dobkowski, Nicholas – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2007
This study examined age differences in children's vulnerability to be misled by two types of false overheard rumors, namely a rumor that suggested a reasonable explanation for an earlier unresolved experience and a rumor that suggested an explanation that conflicted with information already in memory. Results indicated that all of the children…
Descriptors: Memory, Age Differences, Young Children, Deception
McDermott, Paul A.; Fantuzzo, John W.; Waterman, Clare; Angelo, Lauren E.; Warley, Heather P.; Gadsden, Vivian L.; Zhang, Xiuyuan – Journal of School Psychology, 2009
Educators need accurate assessments of preschool cognitive growth to guide curriculum design, evaluation, and timely modification of their instructional programs. But available tests do not provide content breadth or growth sensitivity over brief intervals. This article details evidence for a multiform, multiscale test criterion-referenced to…
Descriptors: Listening Comprehension, Curriculum Design, Intervals, Disadvantaged Youth

Mitchell, P.; And Others – Cognition, 1996
Examined bias in reasoning in adults and in children, ages five through nine years, by presenting story or videotape true/false messages. Found that adults made judgments contaminated by their own background knowledge abut the believability of the message more frequently than did children. (ET)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Intellectual Development

Ratner, Hilary Horn; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1986
Examines development of event memory by determining how personally experienced events with two types of structure were reported by kindergartners and adults. Events in making and playing with clay were organized causally and temporally. Results show that adults and children used a goal-based hierarchical structure to remember events, although use…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Development

Chen, Zhe; Siegler, Robert S. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2000
Analyzed 1.5- and 2.5-year-olds' problem solving and learning. Found that changes in toddlers' strategies could be assessed reliably on a trial-by-trial basis, that changes followed the basic form predicted by the overlapping waves model, and that analyses could reveal information about the qualitative and quantitative aspects of their learning.…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Individual Differences, Learning Strategies

Johnson, Kathy E.; Scott, Paul; Mervis, Carolyn B. – Developmental Psychology, 1997
Four studies examined developmental differences in the representation of basic-subordinate inclusion relationships in three-, five-, and seven-year olds and undergraduates. Found that even three-year olds showed rudimentary knowledge of the asymmetry of inclusion. There was a marked developmental gap between producing subordinate category names…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Child Development, Children
Rembold, Karen L.; Yussen, Steven R. – 1986
The purpose of this paper is to review the relevant evidence concerning the relationship between knowledge and its effect on learning, with an end to answering the questions: (1) How important is knowledge to learning? and (2) How does the relative importance of knowledge change with development? The paper is divided into three main sections:…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Age Differences, Behaviorism, Cognitive Development

Cullinan, Bernice E.; And Others – Journal of Research and Development in Education, 1983
This paper describes different approaches that have been used in research on reading, and reports on a study of reading comprehension in fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade students. Findings confirm that there are distinct age-related developmental levels in children's comprehension of literature. (PP)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Developmental Stages, Elementary Education
Ornstein, Peter A.; Naus, Mary J. – 1984
A dominant theme in cognitive psychology is that prior knowledge in long-term memory has a strong influence on an individual's cognitive processing. Citing numerous memory studies with children, knowledge base effects are presented as part of a broader picture of memory development. Using the sort/recall procedure (asking subjects to group sets of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures, Developmental Stages

Brophy, Jere; Alleman, Janet – Cognition and Instruction, 2003
This interview study gathered information about the prior knowledge and thinking of kindergarten to third- graders regarding the supply of water, heat, and light to modern homes. Findings indicated that students possessed only limited and spotty knowledge about utilities in modern homes. Within general trends, there was evidence of growth in…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis

Gelman, Susan A. – Young Children, 1998
Reviews selected research on children's early formation of categories. Finds sophistication in how children group objects and think about those groupings. Notes findings related to type of grouping (thematic or taxonomic), multiple classifications, overgeneralization, the role of background knowledge on classification abilities, the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Classification, Cognitive Development