Sixty-six seventh, eighth, and ninth graders were selected by guidance counselors to participate in a problem-solving skills training program. Students receiving training demonstrated better problem-solving skills and a higher level of self-esteem than control group students. (Author/BW)

This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)