It is well-established that women perform the vast majority of household tasks. This study examined conflicts over the household division of labor. The study respondents (N=140) were obtained from a mailed survey to a national sample of 500 households in the winter of 1991. Of the 140 respondents, 78 were couples. Each household was sent a survey…

Examined gender and age differences in religious indicators using National Survey of Black Americans data (n=2,107). Both genders manifested moderate/high levels of organizational, nonorganizational, and subjective religiosity. Women significantly exceeded African-American men in levels of religiosity at all ages, even when controlling for effects…

If interpersonal spacing is a component of sex-role development, then gender identity development may partly mediate age and sex differences in personal space, as well as variations in distances due to the sex of the stimulus person. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate this possibility. Personal space preferences of 36 male and…

Based on a study of the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in a random sample of 2,070 children aged 4 to 16 years, argues that the DSM III age limit for enuresis should be raised to 8 years for boys. (NH)

In a study of sighted people's understanding of blindness, 103 Ss in five age groups (preschool through adult) were asked questions in open ended interviews. Although there were no statistically significant main effects by sex, significant age group effects were found. (Author)

Sex differences in risk-taking were examined by observing 480 three- to 11-year-old children at four different risk-taking locations at the San Antonio zoo. While girls were just as likely as boys to enter the zoo, at all four of the risk-taking situations, significantly more boys than girls engaged in risk-taking behavior. (Author/RH)

Of marriages in 1972, fewer joint remarriages than first marriages ended in divorce. Within specific age/sex groupings (e.g., men 20 to 24 years old), more remarriages than first marriages ended in divorce. Difference occurred because couples entering remarriages were older than those entering first marriages and divorce rates declined with…

Psychologists (n=511) rated the prototypicality of the psychopathy construct for male and female youth. Factor analysis for both genders resulted in two dimensions that reflected both personality and behavioral components of the disorder. Prototypicality ratings reveal important adult-to-child and male-to-female differences. (SLD)

Males and females in grades 5-11 were asked to take a Thematic Apperception-like measure and to perform a series of tasks in competitive and non-competitive conditions. The results suggest that the motive to avoid success affects males and young females differently than it does older females. (JMB)

This study provides evidence of sex-typed behavior in the spontaneous play of infants between 9 1/2 and 15 1/2 months. Eight boys and eight girls at 9 1/2, 11 1/2, 13 1/2, and 15 1/2 months were observed during 15 minutes of free play with a variety of realistic toys equally divided into male, female, and neutral categories. Stereotypical,…

The development of speaker and listener skills in a referential-communication task was examined among 144 5-, 6-8 and 7-year-old children. Of special interest were the listener's ability to provide feedback and the speaker's ability to improve his messages in response to feedback. (Author/JMB)

Administered questionnaires to 272 preadolescents to assess their degree of parent-peer compliance. Results revealed that, on most items, youths were clearly parent compliant. There was, however, a significant age trend in the direction of peer compliance, with males demonstrating the greatest degree of change. (Author/NRB)

Methods for investigating self-esteem may not reveal the factors on which a person's self-esteem rests. Twelve- to fourteen-year-olds identified aspects of the self which were important to them, and evaluated the degree of importance. Results of this study reveal age and gender differences in self-esteem factors. (Author/BL)