As the federal entity in charge of enforcing civil rights law, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights (OCR) plays a critical role in addressing the vast inequities that exist in U.S. education. Through an analysis of the policy guidance OCR issued for a number of areas during the Obama administration, we illustrate the agency's…

From an analysis of criteria applicable to sex discrimination under the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, the author concludes that although the Fourteenth Amendment may not require standards such as those in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines, neither does it prohibit them. (JT)

Assesses the effect of the Supreme Court decision, Geduldig v. Aiello, on the interpretative guidelines of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which in enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act treats pregnancy like any other temporary disability. Concludes that the Court should give "great deference" to the EEOC…

Attempts to clarify the application of rules against employment discrimination by examining the nature of the seniority system and examining the theory and mechanism of federal court and administrative agency remedies. Reviews recent problems that have tested these remedies, focusing on layoffs and liability-minimizing initiatives open to…

The results of desegregation efforts from 1954 to 1975 are reviewed. The impact of court litigation on school integration both in the North and the South is discussed. Additionally, the impact of the Brown Decision of 1954 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are reviewed in the light of improvements in school integration. A brief summation of court…