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Hoglund, Wendy L. G.; Chisholm, Courtney A. – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Three complementary models of how peer relationship problems (exclusion and victimization) and aggressive behaviors relate to prospective levels of internalizing problems are examined. The additive risks model proposes that peer problems and aggression cumulatively increase risks for internalizing problems. The reciprocal risks model hypothesizes…
Descriptors: Peer Relationship, Social Isolation, Victims, Aggression
Young, Ellie L.; Nelson, David A.; Hottle, America B.; Warburton, Brittney; Young, Bryan K. – Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 2011
"Relational aggression" refers to harm within relationships caused by covert bullying or manipulative behavior. Examples include isolating a youth from his or her group of friends (social exclusion), threatening to stop talking to a friend (the silent treatment), or spreading gossip and rumors by email. This type of bullying tends to be…
Descriptors: Socialization, Intervention, Violence, Bullying
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Leenaars, Lindsey; Rinaldi, Christina M. – Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 2010
This study examines the role of sex, gender role orientation, social representations of indirect aggression, and indicators of psychosocial adjustment in indirect aggression and victimization in an emerging adult sample. A total of 42 participants (19 men, 23 women) recruited are required to complete the questionnaires, along with 18 participants…
Descriptors: Aggression, Sex Role, College Students, Gender Differences