The existing algorithm employing the log-normal distribution lacks applicability in generating imprecise data. This paper addresses this limitation by first introducing the log-normal distribution as a means to handle imprecise data. Subsequently, we leverage the neutrosophic log-normal distribution to devise an algorithm specifically tailored for…

There are many important and interesting academic competitions that attract an increasing number of students. However, traditional student team building methods usually have strong randomness or involve only some first-class students. To choose more suitable students to compose a team and improve students' abilities overall, a competition-oriented…

Futures of education are increasingly defined through predictive technologies and methods. We conceptualize 'algorithmic futuring' as the use of data-driven digital methods and predictive infrastructures to anticipate educational futures and animate actions in the present towards their materialization. Specifically, we focus on algorithmic…

QR decomposition is widely used for solving the least squares problem. However, existing materials about it may be too abstract for non-mathematicians, especially STEM students, and/or require serious background in linear algebra. The paper describes theoretical background and examples of GNU Octave compatible MATLAB scripts that give relatively…

Higher education systems exhibit varying degrees of heterogeneity in approaches to undergraduate degree classification -- specifically for this Point of Departure: the wide variety of 'Degree Classification Algorithms' (DCAs) used to calculate students' final awards. To date, the impact of DCA variation remains an under-researched 'black box', and…

This article evaluates the predictions of an algorithmic-level distributed associative memory model as it introduces, propagates, and resolves ambiguity, and compares it to the predictions of computational-level parallel parsing models in which ambiguous analyses are accounted separately in discrete distributions. By superposing activation…

This article proposes a pragmatic approach to data justice in education that draws upon Nancy Fraser's theory. The main argument is premised on the theoretical and practical superiority of a deontological framework for addressing algorithmic bias and harms, compared to ethical guidelines. The purpose of a deontological framework is to enable the…

Sociologists increasingly face choices among competing algorithms that represent reasonable approaches to the same task, with little guidance in choosing among them. We develop a strategy that uses simulated data to identify the conditions under which different methods perform well and applies what is learned from the simulations to predict which…

This paper describes Alkaline, a size-reduced version of Kyber, which has recently been announced as a prototype NIST standard for post-quantum public-key cryptography. While not as simple as RSA, I believe that Alkaline can be used in an undergraduate classroom to effectively teach the techniques and principles behind Kyber and post-quantum…

Modern online education has the capacity to provide intelligent educational services by automatically analyzing substantial amounts of student behavioral data. Knowledge tracing (KT) is one of the fundamental tasks for student behavioral data analysis, aiming to monitor students' evolving knowledge state during their problem-solving process. In…

This article intends to empower and equip art educators to artistically address the functioning of facial detection algorithms through critical race theory (CRT). By highlighting how biometric data, a specific form of data that measures the physical qualities of individuals, is used in common social media facial detection algorithms like Snapchat,…

This study addresses the opportunities presented by AI applications in education and the ethical issues brought about by this technology. AI in education holds excellent potential in personalized learning, automated assessment and feedback, and monitoring and analyzing student performance. However, using these technologies also raises ethical…

Knowledge tracing (KT) for evaluating students' knowledge is an essential task in personalized education. More and more researchers have devoted themselves to solving KT tasks, e.g., deep knowledge tracing (DKT), which can capture more sophisticated representations of student knowledge. Nonetheless, these techniques ignore the reconstruction of…

Identifying items with differential item functioning (DIF) in an assessment is a crucial step for achieving equitable measurement. One critical issue that has not been fully addressed with existing studies is how DIF items can be detected when data are multilevel. In the present study, we introduced a Lord's Wald X[superscript 2] test-based…

Allowing learners to move across learning contexts in novel ways, digital tools play an increasingly central role for the formation of learning trajectories and identities. They thus presumably also affect dynamics of social sorting in education. Against this background, this article introduces a conceptual framework for unravelling dynamics of…