This study examined 11 U.S. textbooks written for prospective teachers to investigate how standard decimal multiplication and division algorithms are presented, especially the rationale of both algorithms. Analytical frameworks of various methods used in different textbooks were developed. The findings suggest that half of the textbooks do not…

This report describes a randomized controlled study that compared the personalization of educational content based on neural networks to personalization by human experts. The study was conducted in a graphically rich online learning environment for elementary school mathematics, in which N = 135 fourth- and sixth-grade students learn via…

As technology quickly evolves, there are breakthroughs in science, space exploration, medical and engineering fields almost every day. In the future, there will be more complicated science and technology problems that need specialized researchers and scientists to find an optimized solution. This paper presents the role of robotics in supporting…

Academic scholars face a difficult challenge when attempting to grasp the intricate world of mathematics. The complexity of mathematical concepts often lies hidden beneath layers of formulas and procedures, obscuring their true essence. Traditional educational resources often fall short in conveying the profound meaning behind these concepts,…

Different methods of subtracting are described; the equal additions and the decomposition methods are discussed in detail. (DT)

A modified method of regrouping the minuend for subtraction is described. This more flexible method decreases the number of steps in the subtraction process and in checking the regrouping. (SD)

Answers and examples are given to sixteen questions related to traditional ways of performing the operations of arithmetic. (MP)

Four algorithms for subtraction are described: borrow and pay back,'' equal additiions, shopkeepers' subtraction,'' and decomposition. (DT)

A technique for doing long division without the usual estimation difficulty is presented. It uses multiples of 2 combined with a recording technique. (MNS)

The author taught one group using the traditional subtraction algorithm and one using an equal additions algorithm. Students in the latter group showed greater success than the former. (SD)

The purpose of this study was to find out what difficulties Nicaraguan children encounter in doing addition and subtraction exercises. The results were used in the design of radio lessons in mathematics for elementary school. The performance on addition exercises is analyzed with a view toward identifying the distinct skills that are required by…

A current method of teaching long division using repeated subtraction is analyzed as being an example of a sound mathematical method that falls into disrepute when it results in unnecessary, length calculations. (MP)