Formative feedback is important in learning. Automating the provision of specific, objective, constructive feedback to large cohorts requires complex algorithms that most teachers do not have time to develop, suggesting that a community effort is needed to create a library of specialised algorithms. We present an exemplar algorithm for a class of…

Eye gaze tracking has recently become indispensable for domains like virtual reality, augmented reality, human-computer interaction and advertisement. The commercial eye gaze tracking equipment is too expensive to be used by the masses. In this manuscript, a non-invasive, low-resolution ordinary camera-based system has been proposed for tracking…

We aimed to evaluate the performance of supervised machine learning algorithms in predicting articles relevant for full-text review in a systematic review. Overall, 16,430 manually screened titles/abstracts, including 861 references identified relevant for full-text review were used for the analysis. Of these, 40% (n = 6573) were sub-divided for…

Generative AI tools (GenAI) are increasingly used for academic tasks, including qualitative data analysis for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). In our practice as academic developers, we are frequently asked for advice on whether this use for GenAI is reliable, valid, and ethical. Since this is a new field, we have not been able to…

Since 2018, institutions of higher education have been aware of the "enrollment cliff" which refers to expected declines in future enrollment. This paper attempts to describe how prepared institutions in Ohio are for this future by looking at trends leading up to the anticipated decline. Using IPEDS data from 2012-2022, we analyze trends…

Simulation is a powerful approach that plays a significant role in science and technology. Computational models that simulate learner interactions and data hold great promise for educational technology as well. Amongst others, simulated learners can be used for teacher training, for generating and evaluating hypotheses on human learning, for…

In this note we demonstrate two instances where matrix multiplication can be easily verified. In the first setting, the matrix product appears as matrix element concatenation, and in the second, the product coincides with matrix addition. General proofs for some results are provided with a more complete description for 2×2 matrices. Suggested for…

We review common situations in Bayesian latent variable models where the prior distribution that a researcher specifies differs from the prior distribution used during estimation. These situations can arise from the positive definite requirement on correlation matrices, from sign indeterminacy of factor loadings, and from order constraints on…

Given the rapid adoption of machine learning methods by education researchers, and the growing acknowledgment of their inherent risks, there is an urgent need for tailored methodological guidance on how to improve and evaluate the validity of inferences drawn from these methods. Drawing on an integrative literature review and extending a…

It is of critical importance to be aware of the historical discrimination embedded in the data and to consider a fairness measure to reduce bias throughout the predictive modeling pipeline. Given various notions of fairness defined in the literature, investigating the correlation and interaction among metrics is vital for addressing unfairness.…

The questionnaire method has always been an important research method in psychology. The increasing prevalence of multidimensional trait measures in psychological research has led researchers to use longer questionnaires. However, questionnaires that are too long will inevitably reduce the quality of the completed questionnaires and the efficiency…

We have maintained the customer grade system that is being implemented to customers with excellent performance through customer segmentation for years. Currently, financial institutions that operate the customer grade system provide similar services based on the score calculation criteria, but the score calculation criteria vary from the financial…

Despite a tremendous increase in the use of video for conducting research in classrooms as well as preparing and evaluating teachers, there remain notable challenges to using classroom videos at scale, including time and financial costs. Recent advances in artificial intelligence could make the process of analyzing, scoring, and cataloguing videos…

Focusing efficiently on potential weaknesses in the validity argument of writing assessments--such as writing subjectivity, content coverage, criteria vagueness, and raters' incompetence--has been shown to positively enhance teachers' overall writing assessment competence (AC). In this study, we propose a computational bootstrapping model of…

Spatial analytics receive increased attention in educational data mining. A critical issue in stop detection (i.e., the automatic extraction of timestamped and located stops in the movement of individuals) is a lack of validation of stop accuracy to represent phenomena of interest. Next to a radius that an actor does not exceed for a certain…