The origin of licensure in the medical professions is outlined beginning in Europe around the first century with the examination of potential physicians by the most respected physician in the land. The origins, advantages, and disadvantages of licensure in several occupations are reviewed. (Author/CT)

Lists federal legislation since 1969 regarding toxic substances and describes a sample curriculum for a B.S. degree in toxicology at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. (CS)

Outlines the history of medical education for Blacks in the U.S. from 1850 to the present. Reports recent data on minority group participation in medicine and other health professions, and mentions a number of programs designed to increase such opportunities. (GC)