This essay is a critical analysis of elements of the Social Studies Toolkit and related materials developed by the New York State Education Department. It addresses misunderstandings of historical theory and method and the presentation of historical knowledge and information by department staff and affiliates, the consequences of which puts…

At the James Weldon Johnson Leadership Academy in East Harlem, New York, administrators, teachers, students, families, and community-based artists worked together to create a visually explosive environment that reflected enriched learning experiences based on their multidisciplinary study of New York's history. The Mano a Mano ("Hand to…

This paper examines how two sites of adult learning in the food movement create educational alternatives to the dominant U.S. food system. It further examines how these pedagogies challenge racialised, classed and gendered ideologies and practices in their aims, curricular content, and publically documented educational processes. The first case is…

As suggested in the title "An Odyssey among the Iroquois," there is an epic sense of classical ironic drama in finding the Tutelo among the Hodenosaunee, Great League of the Iroquois. Classified amid the Monacan Division of eastern Siouan nations, the Tutelo together with the Saponi were known as Nahyssans and they were one of three…

In 1916 George Gustav Heye (1874-1975), a wealthy engineer and financier, founded the Museum of the American Indian in New York City. Heye served as director of the museum, which opened to the public in 1922, until 1956. In 1989, after several decades of financial problems and declining attendance, the Heye collections were transferred to the…

William Apess is among a number of Native intellectuals from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to whom scholars have paid increasing attention over the past decade and more. Apess was raised in the crucible of Native New England, had been abused in various ways in it, and spent his adulthood giving voice to those who experienced the…

Fourth grade students "know about" Pocahontas, but is this knowledge based on historical fact, or on information from the media, specifically the Disney movies "Pocahontas" and "Pocahontas II"? To address this question within the context of the New York State Social Studies curriculum and the New York State English…

Traces the eighteenth-century history of Indian tribes in the upper Susquehanna valley: settlement of the valley by various displaced tribes, Iroquois claims and control, steadfast and costly loyalty to the British during the Revolutionary War, and economic decline and displacement in the war's aftermath. Contains 37 references. (SV)

Summarizes William Sidis'"Tribes and States," a 50-year-old unpublished manuscript that retells colonial American history from an American Indian viewpoint and traces the contributions of American Indians, particularly the Penacook Federation and the Iroquois Confederacy, to American democracy and constitutional rights. (SV)

Provides cultural and historical context for understanding the Seven Nations Treaty of 1796. Clarifies terms of the treaty that continues to provide a source of conflict between the Mohawk Nation and the State of New York, e.g., the 1974 reoccupation of some Adirondak land by a Mohawk group. (JHZ)

This paper focuses on the use of outdoor-based experiential learning in an undergraduate physical education teacher preparation program to develop a culturally-sensitive pedagogy for work with children from different cultures. Applying the six-stage process for becoming a bi-cultural teacher (Klug & Whitfield, 2003), teacher preparation…

This document consists of teacher and student guides that provide a historical overview of the Six Nations from precontact with the Europeans to the present day. The Six Nations consist of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora tribes. These tribes call themselves the Haudenosaunee and are often referred to as the Iroquois.…