In their work with young learners, the authors found that "We Are Water Protectors," written by Carole Lindstrom, of the Anishinabe/ Métis and Turtle Mountain Band of Ojibwe Indians, and illustrated by Michaela Goade, of Tlingit descent, was a powerful entry point for recognizing the ways in which Indigenous communities continue to…

Overwhelmingly, elementary social studies standards focus on Native Americans in past tense. If elementary teachers follow state curriculum for social studies, students are often not provided the opportunity to learn about Native people in the present. The purposes of this study were to (a) determine the number of current state elementary (K-5)…

Background/Context: Across the nation, people living in the United States are embroiled in conflict over the meaning of its past. Many of the most fervent conflicts relate to acts of historical violence: war, enslavement, conquest, and colonization among them. Elementary school students commonly study the early colonization of the land now known…

In this article, Harper B. Keenan investigates the treatment of violence in elementary history education through a case study of a fourth-grade unit on the colonial history of California featuring "the mission project," a long-standing tradition in California's elementary schools that has students construct a miniature model of a Spanish…

This three-article dissertation specifically examines one challenging element of teaching history to young children: the representation of historical violence and adversity, using fourth grade curriculum and instruction surrounding the topic of Spanish colonization of California as a case study. This era, known as the Spanish mission period in…

Explores the nature of how drama unfolds in the author's classroom around the historical events of the Cherokee Trail of Tears. Describes how they explored the viewpoints of people involved in the historical events; recreated the setting and action through props, costumes, and scenery; understood the role of the teacher as actor; and problem…

Observes that instruction about Pilgrim and American Indian life often is filled with misconceptions. Explains that the foods and dress of the era differed those usually portrayed in association with the "first" Thanksgiving, a continuation of an ancient harvest celebration. Offers a Thanksgiving quiz for teaching students the realities…

This issue of "The Goldfinch" examines the history of American Indians in Iowa. This volume's featured articles include: "Encounter"; "Iowa Earthworks"; "The Long Way Home"; "How One Learns, a Mesquakie Woman's Life Story"; "Indians of Iowa"; "Little Brother Snares the Sun";…

"People in the Past" is a CD-ROM that brings Lowry Ruin in southwest Colorado to life. Intended particularly for elementary and middle school students, the CD applies new technologies and includes Native American views in historical interpretation of the Puebloan site in 1125. Related projects include a teacher activity guide and…

This investigation examines an elementary social studies methods course taught on an American Indian reservation through a state university. Data were collected from American Indian pre-service teachers over four years through taped interviews, classroom observations, and a review of homework and in-class assignments. A Freirean critical pedagogy…

This book contains 16 stories that chronicle the history and culture of the Cheyenne people. Intended for grades 3-8, the stories present an alternative viewpoint on historical events and thus provide a more balanced understanding of the Cheyenne and other Native peoples. The stories are told chronologically, from creation to the present, as seen…

A common criticism of American history curricula is that the content mostly relates the activities and accomplishments of Anglo males. The stories and contributions of women and people of color are frequently missing from history textbooks. While authors and publishers have worked in recent times to rectify these omissions, the voice of Native…

This guide attempts to show educators a perspective on Columbus that is historically accurate and sensitive to American Indian history. The 500-year anniversary of the voyage of Columbus is not a time for rejoicing among the Indian population. Although exploration of the New World was inevitable, Columbus and his successors treated the Indian…

Argues that multicultural education, if it is to be effective and meaningful, needs to be woven throughout the curriculum. Discusses 11 children's books that take into account the age and maturity level of students as they tell forthright stories of the victims, heroes, and just plain folks of the Holocaust, slavery, and the involuntary of…

This illustrated children's book describes the American Indian powwow, an important element of contemporary Native American life in the United States and Canada. The main character of the book, Tess, is a Native American. She explains to her classmates at school about the origin and meaning of the powwow and also about the wars between the Indians…