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Smethells, John R.; Fox, Andrew T.; Andrews, Jennifer J.; Reilly, Mark P. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Three experiments investigated the effects of immediate and delayed postsession feeding on progressive-ratio and variable-interval schedule performance in rats. During Experiments 1 and 2, immediate postsession feeding decreased the breakpoint, or largest completed ratio, under progressive-ratio schedules. Experiment 3 was conducted to extend the…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Food, Animals, Operant Conditioning
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Pinkston, Jonathan W.; Lamb, R. J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
When given to pigeons, the direct-acting dopamine agonist apomorphine elicits pecking. The response has been likened to foraging pecking because it bears remarkable similarity to foraging behavior, and it is enhanced by food deprivation. On the other hand, other data suggest the response is not related to foraging behavior and may even interfere…
Descriptors: Animals, Brain, Biochemistry, Experiments
Brackney, Ryan J.; Cheung, Timothy H. C.; Neisewander, Janet L.; Sanabria, Federico – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Dissociating motoric and motivational effects of pharmacological manipulations on operant behavior is a substantial challenge. To address this problem, we applied a response-bout analysis to data from rats trained to lever press for sucrose on variable-interval (VI) schedules of reinforcement. Motoric, motivational, and schedule factors (effort…
Descriptors: Intervals, Reinforcement, Behavior, Operant Conditioning
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Arantes, Joana; Berg, Mark E.; Le, Dien; Grace, Randolph C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
In Experiment 1, 4 pigeons were trained on a multiple chain schedule in which the initial link was a variable-interval (VI) 20-s schedule signalled by a red or green center key, and terminal links required four responses made to the left (L) and/or right (R) keys. In the REPEAT component, signalled by red keylights, only LRLR terminal-link…
Descriptors: Resistance to Change, Preferences, Animals, Reinforcement
April, L. Brooke; Bruce, Katherine; Galizio, Mark – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Previous research has shown that rats can learn matching-to-sample relations with olfactory stimuli; however, the specific characteristics of this relational control are unclear. In Experiment 1, 6 rats were trained to either match or nonmatch to sample in a modified operant chamber using common household spices as olfactory stimuli. After…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Generalization, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
Sokolowski, Michel B. C.; Disma, Gerald; Abramson, Charles I. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
An operant conditioning situation for the blow fly ("Protophormia terrae novae") is described. Individual flies are trained to enter and reenter a hole as the operant response. Only a few sessions of contingent reinforcement are required to increase response rates. When the response is no longer followed by food, the rate of entering the hole…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Responses, Behavioral Science Research, Animals
Calvert, Amanda L.; Green, Leonard; Myerson, Joel – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Humans discount larger delayed rewards less steeply than smaller rewards, whereas no such magnitude effect has been observed in rats (and pigeons). It remains possible that rats' discounting is sensitive to differences in the quality of the delayed reinforcer even though it is not sensitive to amount. To evaluate this possibility, Experiment 1…
Descriptors: Rewards, Delay of Gratification, Reinforcement, Animals
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Jimenez-Gomez, Corina; Woods, James H. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
The goal of this series of experiments was to develop an operant choice procedure to examine rapidly the punishing effects of intravenous drugs in rats. First, the cardiovascular effects of experimenter-administered intravenous histamine, a known aversive drug, were assessed to determine a biologically active dose range. Next, rats responded on…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Drug Use, Animals, Punishment
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Elcoro, Mirari; da Silva, Stephanie P.; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Operant conditioning with "Betta splendens" ("Bettas") has been investigated extensively using males of the species. Ethological studies of female "Bettas" have revealed aggressive interactions that qualitatively parallel those between male "Bettas". Given these similarities, four experiments were conducted with female "Bettas" to examine the…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Animals, Females
Moore, J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
The present research used pigeons in a three-key operant chamber and varied procedural features pertaining to both initial and terminal links of concurrent chains. The initial links randomly alternated on the side keys during a session, while the terminal links always appeared on the center key. Both equal and unequal initial-link schedules were…
Descriptors: Cues, Reinforcement, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
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Bowers, Matthew T.; Hill, Jade; Palya, William L. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
The interresponse-time structures of pigeon key pecking were examined under variable-ratio, variable-interval, and variable-interval plus linear feedback schedules. Whereas the variable-ratio and variable-interval plus linear feedback schedules generally resulted in a distinct group of short interresponse times and a broad distribution of longer…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Reinforcement, Intervals, Probability
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Kupfer, Anne; Allen, Ron; Malagodi, E. F. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Adjunctive or induced behavior is generated during a variety of schedules of reinforcement. Several theoretical conceptualizations suggest that rate of reinforcement is the primary variable controlling the strength or levels of induced behavior. The operant response requirement within the schedule context has not been extensively studied as a…
Descriptors: Food, Reinforcement, Scheduling, Responses
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Cohn, Scott I.; Weiss, Stanley J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Previous experiments have demonstrated that the simultaneous presentation of independently established discriminative stimuli can control rates of operant responding substantially higher than the rates occasioned by the individual stimuli. This "additive summation" phenomenon has been shown with a variety of different reinforcers (e.g., food,…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Olfactory Perception, Stimuli, Auditory Discrimination
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Swaddle, John P.; Johnson, Charles W. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Small deviations from bilateral symmetry (fluctuating asymmetries) are cues to fitness differences in some animals. Therefore, researchers have considered whether animals use these small asymmetries as visual cues to determine appropriate behavioral responses (e.g., mate preferences). However, there have been few systematic studies of animals'…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Cues, Visual Discrimination
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Nevin, John A.; Davison, Michael; Odum, Amy L.; Shahan, Timothy A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
A theory of attending and reinforcement in conditional discriminations (Nevin, Davison, & Shahan, 2005) is extended to working memory in delayed matching to sample by adding terms for disruption of attending during the retention interval. Like its predecessor, the theory assumes that reinforcers and disruptors affect the independent probabilities…
Descriptors: Behavior Theories, Attention, Reinforcement, Short Term Memory
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