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Kikas, Katarina; Westbrook, R. Frederick; Holmes, Nathan M. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Four experiments examined the effects of a dangerous context and a systemic epinephrine injection on sensory preconditioning in rats. In each experiment, rats were exposed to presentations of a tone and light in stage 1, light-shock pairings in stage 2, and test presentations of the tone alone and light alone in stage 3. Presentations of the tone…
Descriptors: Sensory Experience, Conditioning, Animals, Visual Stimuli
Hawkins, Robert D.; Kandel, Eric R. – Learning & Memory, 2019
One of the major questions in psychology is whether associative and nonassociative learning are fundamentally different or whether they involve similar processes and mechanisms. We have addressed this question by comparing mechanisms of a nonassociative form of learning, sensitization, and an associative form of learning, classical conditioning of…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Classical Conditioning, Brain, Animals
Tovar-Díaz, Jorge; Morín, Jean-Pascal; Ríos-Carrillo, Jorge Eduardo; de Jesús, Hilda Sánchez; Roldán-Roldán, Gabriel – Learning & Memory, 2021
In conditioned odor aversion (COA), the association of a tasteless odorized solution (the conditioned stimulus [CS]) with an intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (the unconditioned stimulus [US]), which produces visceral malaise, results in its future avoidance. The strength of this associative memory is mainly dependent on two parameters, that is,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Associative Learning, Conditioning, Olfactory Perception
Binder, Matthew S.; Kim, Andrew D.; Lugo, Joaquin N. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Memory deficits significantly decrease an individual's quality of life and are a pervasive comorbidity of epilepsy. Despite the various distinct processes of memory, the majority of epilepsy research has focused on seizures during the encoding phase of memory, therefore the effects of a seizure on other memory processes is relatively unknown. In…
Descriptors: Seizures, Memory, Neurological Impairments, Epilepsy
Weiglein, Alice; Gerstner, Florian; Mancini, Nino; Schleyer, Michael; Gerber, Bertram – Learning & Memory, 2019
Animals of many species are capable of "small data" learning, that is, of learning without repetition. Here we introduce larval "Drosophila melanogaster" as a relatively simple study case for such one-trial learning. Using odor-food associative conditioning, we first show that a sugar that is both sweet and nutritious…
Descriptors: Animals, Associative Learning, Conditioning, Memory
Tallot, Lucille; Diaz-Mataix, Lorenzo; Perry, Rosemarie E.; Wood, Kira; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Mouly, Anne-Marie; Sullivan, Regina M.; Doyère, Valérie – Learning & Memory, 2017
The updating of a memory is triggered whenever it is reactivated and a mismatch from what is expected (i.e., prediction error) is detected, a process that can be unraveled through the memory's sensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitors (i.e., reconsolidation). As noted in previous studies, in Pavlovian threat/aversive conditioning in adult rats,…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Error Patterns, Cognitive Processes, Brain
Holmes, Nathan M.; Westbrook, R. Frederick – Learning & Memory, 2014
Four experiments used rats to study appetitive-aversive transfer. Rats trained to eat a palatable food in a distinctive context and shocked in that context ate and did not freeze when tested 1 d later but froze and did not eat when tested 14 d later. These results were associatively mediated (Experiments 1 and 2), observed when rats were or were…
Descriptors: Animals, Fear, Food, Negative Reinforcement
Brown, Kevin L.; Freeman, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Eyeblink conditioning is a well-established model for studying the developmental neurobiology of associative learning and memory. However, age differences in extinction and subsequent reacquisition have yet to be studied using this model. The present study examined extinction and reacquisition of eyeblink conditioning in developing rats. In…
Descriptors: Animals, Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Associative Learning
Bedecarrats, Alexis; Cornet, Charles; Simmers, John; Nargeot, Romuald – Learning & Memory, 2013
Feeding in "Aplysia" provides an amenable model system for analyzing the neuronal substrates of motivated behavior and its adaptability by associative reward learning and neuromodulation. Among such learning processes, appetitive operant conditioning that leads to a compulsive-like expression of feeding actions is known to be associated…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Eating Habits, Associative Learning
Raccuglia, Davide; Mueller, Uli – Learning & Memory, 2013
Throughout the animal kingdom, the inhibitory neurotransmitter ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a key modulator of physiological processes including learning. With respect to associative learning, the exact time in which GABA interferes with the molecular events of learning has not yet been clearly defined. To address this issue, we used two…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Associative Learning, Olfactory Perception, Animals
Mota, Theo; Giurfa, Martin; Sandoz, Jean-Christophe – Learning & Memory, 2011
A sophisticated form of nonelemental learning is provided by occasion setting. In this paradigm, animals learn to disambiguate an uncertain conditioned stimulus using alternative stimuli that do not enter into direct association with the unconditioned stimulus. For instance, animals may learn to discriminate odor rewarded from odor nonrewarded…
Descriptors: Animals, Stimuli, Entomology, Color
Baker, Kathryn D.; McNally, Gavan P.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2012
The NMDA receptor partial agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) enhances the extinction of learned fear in rats and exposure therapy in humans with anxiety disorders. Despite these benefits, little is known about the mechanisms by which DCS promotes the loss of fear. The present study examined whether DCS augments extinction retention (1) through reductions…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Context Effect, Anxiety, Fear
Cromer, Jason A.; Machon, Michelle; Miller, Earl K. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
The PFC plays a central role in our ability to learn arbitrary rules, such as "green means go." Previous experiments from our laboratory have used conditional association learning to show that slow, gradual changes in PFC neural activity mirror monkeys' slow acquisition of associations. These previous experiments required monkeys to repeatedly…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Prior Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals
Wells, Audrey M.; Lasseter, Heather C.; Xie, Xiaohu; Cowhey, Kate E.; Reittinger, Andrew M.; Fuchs, Rita A. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Contextual stimulus control over instrumental drug-seeking behavior relies on the reconsolidation of context-response-drug associative memories into long-term memory storage following retrieval-induced destabilization. According to previous studies, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) regulate cocaine-related memory…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Long Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Animals
Towards a New Study on Associative Learning in Human Fetuses: Fetal Associative Learning in Primates
Kawai, Nobuyuki – Infant and Child Development, 2010
Research has revealed that fetuses can learn from events in their environment. The most convincing evidence for fetal learning is habituation to vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) in human fetuses and classical conditioning in rat fetuses. However, these two research areas have been independent of each other. There have been few attempts at classical…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning, Habituation, Animals