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Deirdre M. McCarthy; Thomas J. Spencer; Pradeep G. Bhide – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Objective: We offer an overview of ADHD research using mouse models of nicotine exposure. Method: Nicotine exposure of C57BL/6 or Swiss Webster mice occurred during prenatal period only or during the prenatal and the preweaning periods. Behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter assays were used to investigate neurobiological mechanisms of…
Descriptors: Models, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Smoking, Animals
Williams, Amy R.; Kim, Earnest S.; Lattal, K. Matthew – Learning & Memory, 2019
A fundamental property of extinction is that the behavior that is suppressed during extinction can be unmasked through a number of postextinction procedures. Of the commonly studied unmasking procedures (spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, contextual renewal, and rapid reacquisition), rapid reacquisition is the only approach that allows a direct…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Context Effect, Memory
Starrett, Michael J.; Stokes, Jared D.; Huffman, Derek J.; Ferrer, Emilio; Ekstrom, Arne D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
An important question regards how we use environmental boundaries to anchor spatial representations during navigation. Behavioral and neurophysiological models appear to provide conflicting predictions, and this question has been difficult to answer because of technical challenges with testing navigation in novel, large-scale, realistic spatial…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Computer Simulation, Prediction, Structural Equation Models
Childs, Jessica E.; DeLeon, Jaime; Nickel, Emily; Kroener, Sven – Learning & Memory, 2017
Drugs of abuse cause changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and associated regions that impair inhibitory control over drug-seeking. Breaking the contingencies between drug-associated cues and the delivery of the reward during extinction learning reduces rates of relapse. Here we used vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) to induce targeted synaptic…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Genetics, Drug Use, Drug Abuse
Pezzulo, Giovanni; Cartoni, Emilio; Rigoli, Francesco; io-Lopez, Léo; Friston, Karl – Learning & Memory, 2016
Balancing habitual and deliberate forms of choice entails a comparison of their respective merits--the former being faster but inflexible, and the latter slower but more versatile. Here, we show that arbitration between these two forms of control can be derived from first principles within an Active Inference scheme. We illustrate our arguments…
Descriptors: Interference (Learning), Epistemology, Physiology, Neurology
Martinez, Raquel C. R.; Gupta, Nikita; Lazaro-Munoz, Gabriel; Sears, Robert M.; Kim, Soojeong; Moscarello, Justin M.; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Cain, Christopher K. – Learning & Memory, 2013
Active avoidance (AA) is an important paradigm for studying mechanisms of aversive instrumental learning, pathological anxiety, and active coping. Unfortunately, AA neurocircuits are poorly understood, partly because behavior is highly variable and reflects a competition between Pavlovian reactions and instrumental actions. Here we exploited the…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear, Anxiety, Coping
Olsen, Ditte; Kaas, Mathias; Schwartz, Ole; Nykjaer, Anders; Glerup, Simon – Learning & Memory, 2013
BDNF-induced signaling is essential for the development of the central nervous system and critical for plasticity in adults. Mature BDNF signals through TrkB, while its precursor proBDNF employs p75[superscript NTR], resulting in activation of signaling cascades with opposite effects on neuronal survival, growth cone decisions, and synaptic…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Fear, Genetics, Animals
Wells, Audrey M.; Lasseter, Heather C.; Xie, Xiaohu; Cowhey, Kate E.; Reittinger, Andrew M.; Fuchs, Rita A. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Contextual stimulus control over instrumental drug-seeking behavior relies on the reconsolidation of context-response-drug associative memories into long-term memory storage following retrieval-induced destabilization. According to previous studies, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) regulate cocaine-related memory…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Long Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Animals
Salamone, John D.; Correa, Merce; Nunes, Eric J.; Randall, Patrick A.; Pardo, Marta – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
For many years, it has been suggested that drugs that interfere with dopamine (DA) transmission alter the "rewarding" impact of primary reinforcers such as food. Research and theory related to the functions of mesolimbic DA are undergoing a substantial conceptual restructuring, with the traditional emphasis on hedonia and primary reward yielding…
Descriptors: Pharmacology, Drug Use, Biochemistry, Reinforcement
Goonawardena, Anushka V.; Robinson, Lianne; Hampson, Robert E.; Riedel, Gernot – Learning & Memory, 2010
It is now well established that cannabinoid agonists such as [delta][superscript 9]-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), anandamide, and WIN 55,212-2 (WIN-2) produce potent and specific deficits in working memory (WM)/short-term memory (STM) tasks in rodents. Although mediated through activation of CB1 receptors located in memory-related brain regions such…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Animals, Task Analysis
Meguerditchian, Adrien; Vauclair, Jacques – Brain and Language, 2009
Gestural communication is a modality considered in the literature as a candidate for determining the ancestral prerequisites of the emergence of human language. As reported in captive chimpanzees and human children, a study in captive baboons revealed that a communicative gesture elicits stronger degree of right-hand bias than non-communicative…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Handedness, Nonverbal Communication, Specialization
Manago, Francesca; Castellano, Claudio; Oliverio, Alberto; Mele, Andrea; De Leonibus, Elvira – Learning & Memory, 2009
Recent evidence demonstrated that dopamine within the nucleus accumbens mediates consolidation of both associative and nonassociative memories. However, the specific contribution of the nucleus accumbens subregions, core and shell, and of D1 and D2 receptors subtypes has not been yet clarified. The aim of this study was, therefore, to directly…
Descriptors: Memory, Task Analysis, Associative Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Somerville, Leah H.; Jones, Rebecca M.; Casey, B. J. – Brain and Cognition, 2010
Adolescence is a developmental period that entails substantial changes in affective and incentive-seeking behavior relative to both childhood and adulthood, including a heightened propensity to engage in risky behaviors and experience persistent negative and labile mood states. This review discusses the emotional and incentive-driven behavioral…
Descriptors: Cues, Adolescent Development, Social Environment, Affective Behavior
Cole, Sindy; McNally, Gavan P. – Learning & Memory, 2009
Pavlovian fear conditioning is not a unitary process. At the neurobiological level multiple brain regions and neurotransmitters contribute to fear learning. At the behavioral level many variables contribute to fear learning including the physical salience of the events being learned about, the direction and magnitude of predictive error, and the…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Parent Child Relationship, Fear, Learning Processes
Prenatal Choline Availability Alters the Context Sensitivity of Pavlovian Conditioning in Adult Rats
Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Meck, Warren H.; Williams, Christina L. – Learning & Memory, 2008
The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo). Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Prenatal Influences, Learning Processes, Nutrition
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