In learning English as a foreign language (EFL), classroom is a primary source where learners find opportunities to make communication in the English language and enhance their L2 WTC and L2 communicative abilities. Keeping in view the pivotal importance of classroom environment in shaping EFL learners' WTC, the present research unravels the…

Three related studies conducted on the role of emotional transfer in email messages were studied in order to better understand Japanese college students' online communications and their broader participation in online communications. The first study investigated users' initiatives in preventing emotional misunderstandings when sending email.…

Compared 22 high-goal-directed and 22 low-goal-directed early retirees to examine the idea that effective adaptation to life events requires an ability to maintain a sense of purpose and direction. Found that high-goal-directed retirees were viewed as more outgoing and involved, whereas low-goal-directed retirees were viewed as self-critical,…